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Khalifa or Khalifah (Arabic: خليفة, romanized: Khalīfa; commonly "caliph" in English) is a name or title which means "successor", "ruler" or "leader". It most commonly refers to the leader of a Caliphate , but is also used as a title among various Islamic religious groups and others.
The Khalīfatul Masīh (Arabic: خليفة المسيح; Urdu: خلیفہ المسیح; English: Successor of the Messiah), sometimes simply referred to as Khalifah (i.e. Caliph, successor), is the elected spiritual and organizational leader of the worldwide Ahmadiyya Muslim Community and is the successor of Mirza Ghulam Ahmad, who had taken ...
Before the advent of Islam, Arabian monarchs traditionally used the title malik 'king', or another from the same Semitic root. [4] The term caliph (/ ˈ k eɪ l ɪ f, ˈ k æ l ɪ f / [8]) derives from the Arabic word khalīfah (خَليفة, pronunciation ⓘ), meaning 'successor', 'steward', or 'deputy'—and has traditionally been considered a shortening of Khalīfah rasūl Allāh ...
Hoyland explains the idea of a divinely guided "golden age" of early Islam as coming not from the historical virtue of the Rashidun and other Companions of the Prophet (aṣ-ṣaḥāba), but from the desire of the religious scholars of the late Umayyad and Abbasid to have Caliphs of their era defer to them (the ulama) in religious matters. By ...
Previté-Orton argues that the reason for the decline of the Umayyads was the rapid expansion of Islam. During the Umayyad period, mass conversions brought Persians, Berbers, Copts, and Aramaic to Islam. These mawalis (clients) were often better educated and more civilised than their Arab overlords. The new converts, on the basis of equality of ...
From 1253, the Hafsids of Ifriqiya claimed the caliphate, and were followed by the Marinids of Morocco, following whom all successive Moroccan dynasties—the last two of them, the Sa'di dynasty and the current Alawi dynasty, also by virtue of their claimed descent from Muhammad [5] —have also claimed it. [1]
Tarikh Khalifah ibn Khayyat, 3rd ed (in Arabic). Al-Riyadh: Dar Taybah. Lassner, Jacob (1979). "Provincial Administration under the Early 'Abbasids: Abu Ja'far al-Mansur and the Governors of the Haramayn". Studia Islamica. 49: 39– 54. doi:10.2307/1595315. JSTOR 1595315. McMillan, M.E. (2011). The Meaning of Mecca: The Politics of Pilgrimage ...
He then defines various modes of installation of the khalifah/khilafat, his requisite qualifications, functions and duties and mutual relations between him and the people in general. Shah Wali Allah then proceeds to discuss the main ingredients of the early normative model, i.e. khilafah khassah.