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Khalifa or Khalifah (Arabic: خليفة, romanized: Khalīfa; commonly "caliph" in English) is a name or title which means "successor", "ruler" or "leader". It most commonly refers to the leader of a Caliphate , but is also used as a title among various Islamic religious groups and others.
Before the advent of Islam, Arabian monarchs traditionally used the title malik 'king', or another from the same Semitic root. [4] The term caliph (/ ˈ k eɪ l ɪ f, ˈ k æ l ɪ f / [8]) derives from the Arabic word khalīfah (خَليفة, pronunciation ⓘ), meaning 'successor', 'steward', or 'deputy'—and has traditionally been considered a shortening of Khalīfah rasūl Allāh ...
The title Rashidun comes from the belief in Sunni Islam that the caliphs were 'rightly guided' (the meaning of al-Rāshidūn; الراشدون), and therefore constituted a religious model to be followed and emulated. [3] The caliphs are also known in Muslim history as the "orthodox" or "patriarchal" caliphs. [4]
The Khalīfatul Masīh (Arabic: خليفة المسيح; Urdu: خلیفہ المسیح; English: Successor of the Messiah), sometimes simply referred to as Khalifah (i.e. Caliph, successor), is the elected spiritual and organizational leader of the worldwide Ahmadiyya Muslim Community and is the successor of Mirza Ghulam Ahmad, who had taken ...
The Khilafat Movement (1919–1924) [40] was a Pan-Islamist [40] political movement in British India in the aftermath of World War I. [40] [41] Khilafat activists sought to salvage the Ottoman caliph as a uniting symbol of Islam, [40] [41] particularly in India, attempting to pressure the British government to preserve the caliph's authority ...
For instance, the Twelver cleric Ja'far Sobhani argues that the dignity of Islam rests on these twelve successors, and this alone disqualifies the Umayyad and Abbasid caliphs, in his view. [21] The last of these imams, Muhammad al-Mahdi, is believed to miraculously remain in occultation since 874, and is expected to return in the end of times ...
From 1253, the Hafsids of Ifriqiya claimed the caliphate, and were followed by the Marinids of Morocco, following whom all successive Moroccan dynasties—the last two of them, the Sa'di dynasty and the current Alawi dynasty, also by virtue of their claimed descent from Muhammad [5] —have also claimed it. [1]
He then defines various modes of installation of the khalifah/khilafat, his requisite qualifications, functions and duties and mutual relations between him and the people in general. Shah Wali Allah then proceeds to discuss the main ingredients of the early normative model, i.e. khilafah khassah.