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This is the pronunciation key for IPA transcriptions of Punjabi on Wikipedia. It provides a set of symbols to represent the pronunciation of Punjabi in Wikipedia articles, and example words that illustrate the sounds that correspond to them.
Ahankar, commonly rendered as Hankaar or Hankār (Punjabi: ਹੰਕਾਰ, pronunciation: [ɦaunkäːaɝ]) based upon its pronunciation in Punjabi, is a Gurmukhi word originating from the Sanskrit word Ahankāra (Sanskrit: अहंकार) which translates to mean "ego" or "excessive pride" due to one's possessions, material wealth, spirituality, beauty, talents, physical strength ...
Another notable difference is that where other Punjabi dialects have /l/ (ਲ) in Malwai many of those words are pronounced with an /r/ (ਰ) or [ɭ̆] (ਲ਼) instead. For example: Majhi dialect 1(ghaddi khalarna), 2 (banda khalota). Malwai dialect 1(ghaddi kharaona), 2 (banda kharota).
The word Punjabi (sometimes spelled Panjabi) has been derived from the word Panj-āb, Persian for 'Five Waters', referring to the five major eastern tributaries of the Indus River. The name of the region was introduced by the Turko-Persian conquerors [ 17 ] of South Asia and was a translation of the Sanskrit name, Panchanada , which means 'Land ...
Tones in Punjabi can be either rising, neutral, or falling: [6] [47] When the tonal letter is in onset positions, as in the pronunciation of the names of the Gurmukhī letters, it produces the falling tone on the syllable nucleus, indicated by a grave accent ( ̀).
Punjabi words were arranged according to the alphabetical order of English. [6] Four scripts would be employed in this dictionary: Latin, Gurmukhi, Devanagari, and Persian scripts. [6] When nearing completion, the dictionary was divided into twenty-six volumes, containing around 80,000 Punjabi words and idioms in-sum across all the volumes. [6]
No Punjabi words begin with ں, ھ, or ے. Words which begin with ڑ are exceedingly rare, but some have been documented in Shahmukhi dictionaries such as Iqbal Salahuddin's Waddi Punjabi Lughat. [16] The digraphs of aspirated consonants are as follows. In addition, ل and لؕ form ligatures with ا: لا (ـلا) and لؕا (ـلؕا).
Indians' tendency to pronounce English phonetically as well can cause divergence from British English. This phenomenon is known as spelling pronunciation. In words where the digraph gh represents a voiced velar plosive (/ɡ/) in other accents, some Indian English speakers supply a murmured version [ɡʱ], for example ghost [ɡʱoːst]. No other ...