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The ciliary muscle is an intrinsic muscle of the eye formed as a ring of smooth muscle [3] [4] in the eye's middle layer, the uvea (vascular layer). It controls accommodation for viewing objects at varying distances and regulates the flow of aqueous humor into Schlemm's canal .
Damage to this muscle or its innervation can cause ptosis, which is drooping of the eyelid. [ 4 ] [ 5 ] Lesions in CN III can cause ptosis, [ 5 ] because without stimulation from the oculomotor nerve the levator palpebrae cannot oppose the force of gravity, and the eyelid droops.
The extraocular muscles, or extrinsic ocular muscles, are the seven extrinsic muscles of the eye in humans and other animals. [1] Six of the extraocular muscles, the four recti muscles, and the superior and inferior oblique muscles, control movement of the eye. The other muscle, the levator palpebrae superioris, controls eyelid elevation.
An eyelid is a thin fold of skin that covers and protects the eye. The levator palpebrae superioris muscle helps in the movement of eyelid. The human eyelid features a row of eyelashes along the eyelid margin, which helps in protection of the eye from dust and foreign debris. The main function of eyelid is to keep the cornea moist and clean.
This part comprises two pieces: Horner's muscle and the muscle of Riolan, the latter helps hold the eyelids together to keep the lacrimal passage waterproof. [3] Associated pathology, such as a lesion of the facial nerve seen in Bell's palsy results in the inability to blink or close the ipsilateral eyelid. Subsequent lack of irrigation ...
Alphagan P uses a purite preservative, which is better tolerated by those who have allergic reactions than the older BAK preservative in other eye drops. [13] Furthermore, less selective alpha agonists such as epinephrine may decrease the production of aqueous humor through vasoconstriction of the ciliary body (only for open-angle glaucoma).
The muscles it controls are the striated muscle in levator palpebrae superioris and other extraocular muscles except for the superior oblique muscle and the lateral rectus muscle. The Edinger-Westphal nucleus supplies parasympathetic fibers to the eye via the ciliary ganglion , and thus controls the sphincter pupillae muscle (affecting pupil ...
Some regions are combined into larger regions. These include the trunk, which is a combination of the thoracic, mammary, abdominal, navel, and coxal regions. The cephalic region is a combination of all of the head regions. The upper limb region is a combination of all of the arm regions. The lower limb region is a combination of all of the leg ...