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One application is the use of a tympanometer (a specialised acoustic reflectometer) to diagnose medical conditions of the ear. [1] Ultrasonic reflectometry: A transducer generates acoustic waves at ultrasonic frequency which propagate until they reaches the interface between the propagation medium and the sample. The wave is partially reflected ...
A time-domain reflectometer (TDR) is an electronic instrument used to determine the characteristics of electrical lines by observing reflected pulses. It can be used to characterize and locate faults in metallic cables (for example, twisted pair wire or coaxial cable ), [ 1 ] and to locate discontinuities in a connector, printed circuit board ...
From the video signal taken with the CCD sensor the refractive index of the sample can be calculated. This method of detecting the angle of total reflection is independent on the sample properties. It is even possible to measure the refractive index of optically dense strongly absorbing samples or samples containing air bubbles or solid particles .
An OTDR. An optical time-domain reflectometer (OTDR) is an optoelectronic instrument used to characterize an optical fiber.It is the optical equivalent of an electronic time domain reflectometer which measures the impedance of the cable or transmission line under test.
A TDR waveguide with exposed wires. In the waveform analysis a sensor (usually a probe) is placed in the material to be tested. The sensor contains a waveguide consisting of two, three, or more parallel wires which is connected via a coaxial cable to a voltage pulse generator which sends precisely defined voltage pulses into the sensor.
Some scientific instruments commonly designated reflectometer are: . Vector network analyser (VNA); Optical time domain reflectometer; Reflectometer (electronics): In electronics, a directional coupler containing matched calibrated detectors in both arms of the auxiliary line, or a pair of single-detector couplers oriented so as to measure the electrical power flowing in both directions in the ...
A time-domain reflectometer; an instrument used to locate the position of faults on lines from the time taken for a reflected wave to return from the discontinuity.. A signal travelling along an electrical transmission line will be partly, or wholly, reflected back in the opposite direction when the travelling signal encounters a discontinuity in the characteristic impedance of the line, or if ...
Time-domain reflectometer for electrical cable fault detection. Because damage to the cable can cause reflections, an instrument called an electrical time-domain reflectometer (ETDR; for electrical cables) or an optical time-domain reflectometer (OTDR; for optical cables) can be used to locate the damaged part of a cable. These instruments work ...