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A tropical plant community on Diego Garcia Rangeland monitoring using Parker 3-step Method, Okanagan Washington 2002. Plant ecology is a subdiscipline of ecology that studies the distribution and abundance of plants, the effects of environmental factors upon the abundance of plants, and the interactions among plants and between plants and other organisms. [1]
Wild emmer wheat (Triticum dicoccoides), a CWR of cultivated wheats (Triticum spp), can be found in northern Israel. Two conservationists collecting indigenous knowledge on cultural practices that favour CWR populations, from a farmer near Fes, Morocco. A crop wild relative (CWR) is a wild plant closely related to a domesticated plant.
An important source of genetic diversity are crop wild relatives, wild plant species that are genetically related to cultivated crops. A second supporting service is to maintain the habitat of wild biodiversity, particularly associated biodiversity, for example pollinators and predators.
Early practices in horticulture include a number of various ways that people managed the land (using an assortment of tools), with a variety of methods and types of plants cultivated for a number of uses. Methods, tools and plants grown, have always depended on the culture and climate.
In agricultural areas, biodiversity decreases as varying landscapes are lost and native plants are replaced with cultivated crops. [1] Increasing biodiversity in agriculture can increase the sustainability of farms through the restoration of ecosystem services that aid in regulating agricultural lands. [2]
Carbon sequestration is an important ecosystem service. [ 32 ] [ 21 ] [ 33 ] Agroforestry practices can increase carbon stocks in soil and woody biomass. [ 34 ] Trees in agroforestry systems, like in new forests, can recapture some of the carbon that was lost by cutting existing forests.
Perennial crops are a perennial plant species that are cultivated and live longer than two years without the need of being replanted each year. [1] [2] Naturally perennial crops include many fruit and nut crops; some herbs and vegetables also qualify as perennial.
The ecosystem service-centered approach posits that individuals and society as a whole receive benefits from ecosystems, which are called "ecosystem services". [ 104 ] [ 106 ] In sustainable agriculture, the services that ecosystems provide include pollination , soil formation , and nutrient cycling , all of which are necessary functions for ...