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6 April-29 May: Final Siege of Constantinople; City besieged by Ottoman forces; Mehmed II in power. Capital of the Ottoman Empire relocated to Constantinople from Edirne. [5] Hagia Sophia (converted from Orthodox cathedral to mosque) in use. [6] Medrese predecessor of Istanbul University established. Population: 40,000–50,000; 1454
The city, known alternatively in Ottoman Turkish as Ḳosṭanṭīnīye (قسطنطينيه after the Arabic form al-Qusṭanṭīniyyah القسطنطينية) or Istanbul, while its Christian minorities continued to call it Constantinople, as did people writing in French, English, and other European languages, was the capital of the Ottoman ...
Air pollution in Turkey, such as fine dust from traffic, is a serious problem in Istanbul. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Although the historic peninsula was partially pedestrianised in the early 21st century, [ 3 ] a 2015 study found that this is the part of the city which would benefit most from a low emission zone . [ 4 ]
Istanbul's first private university, Koç University, was founded as late as 1992, because private universities were not allowed in Turkey before the 1982 amendment to the constitution. [313] Istanbul is also home to several conservatories and art schools, including Mimar Sinan Academy of Fine Arts , founded in 1882.
Istanbul is known as the City on the Seven Hills (Turkish: Yedi tepeli şehir). The city has inherited this denomination from Byzantine Constantinople which – consciously following [ citation needed ] the model of Rome – was built on seven hills too.
The Column of Constantine (Turkish: Çemberlitaş Sütunu; Greek: Στήλη του Κωνσταντίνου Α΄; Latin: Columna Constantini) is a monumental column commemorating the dedication of Constantinople by Roman emperor Constantine the Great on 11 May 330 AD. Completed c. 328 AD, it is the oldest Constantinian monument to survive in ...
In 1929, Turkish government advocated for the use of Istanbul in English instead of Constantinople. [30] The U.S. State Department began using "Istanbul" in May 1930. [31] Names other than استانبول (İstanbul) had become obsolete in the Turkish language after the establishment of the Republic of Turkey. [15]
Walled Obelisk, (left) the Serpent Column (centre) and the Obelisk of Theodosius (right).At Meydanı (Hippodrome of Constantinople), 1853. The 32 m (105 ft)-high obelisk was most likely a Theodosian construction, built to mirror the Obelisk of Theodosius on the spina of the Roman circus of Constantinople; the Circus Maximus in Rome also had two obelisks on its spina.