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Portland cement had been imported into the United States from Germany and England, and in the 1870s and 1880s, it was being produced by Eagle Portland cement near Kalamazoo, Michigan. In 1875, the first portland cement was produced in the Coplay Cement Company Kilns under the direction of David O. Saylor in Coplay, Pennsylvania . [ 11 ]
Portland stone was the most prestigious building stone in use in England at the time. The patent clearly does not describe the product recognised as Portland cement today. The product was aimed at the market for stuccos and architectural pre-cast mouldings, for which a fast-setting, low-strength cement was required (see cement).
William Aspdin (23 September 1815 – 11 April 1864) was an English cement manufacturer, and a pioneer of the Portland cement industry. [1] He is considered the inventor of "modern" Portland cement. [2] [3]: 184, 191 He has also been termed "an incorrigible liar and swindler". [3]: 191
Because of the switch to Portland cement, by the end of the 1920s only one of the 15 Rosendale cement companies had survived. But in the early 1930s, builders discovered that, while Portland cement set faster, it was not as durable, especially for highways—to the point that some states stopped building highways and roads with cement.
Ordinary Portland cement mortar, commonly known as OPC mortar or just cement mortar, is created by mixing powdered ordinary Portland cement, fine aggregate and water. It was invented in 1794 by Joseph Aspdin and patented on 18 December 1824, largely as a result of efforts to develop stronger mortars.
His son William continued developments into the 1840s, earning him recognition for the development of "modern" Portland cement. [36] Reinforced concrete was invented in 1849 by Joseph Monier. [37] and the first reinforced concrete house was built by François Coignet [38] in 1853.
Isaac Charles Johnson (28 January 1811 – 29 November 1911 [1]) was a British cement manufacturer, and a pioneer of the Portland cement industry. Born in London, his father was a charge-hand at Francis & White's "Roman Cement" plant in Nine Elms. He himself worked there as a labourer from age 16 while studying chemistry.
In October 1825, he leased land at Swanscombe, Kent, and set up a plant to manufacture both Roman cement and the new product. The key innovation in his work was the "wet" grinding of raw materials, which became fundamental to the early development of Portland cement.