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The three types of axonometric projection are isometric projection, dimetric projection, and trimetric projection, depending on the exact angle by which the view deviates from the orthogonal. [2] [3] Typically in axonometric drawing, as in other types of pictorials, one axis of space is shown to be vertical.
Isometric graph paper can be placed under a normal piece of drawing paper to help achieve the effect without calculation. In a similar way, an isometric view can be obtained in a 3D scene. Starting with the camera aligned parallel to the floor and aligned to the coordinate axes, it is first rotated horizontally (around the vertical axis) by ± ...
In trimetric pictorials (for methods, see Trimetric projection), the direction of viewing is such that all of the three axes of space appear unequally foreshortened. The scale along each of the three axes and the angles among them are determined separately as dictated by the angle of viewing. Approximations in Trimetric drawings are common.
There are three main divisions of axonometric projection: isometric (equal measure), dimetric (symmetrical and unsymmetrical), and trimetric (single-view or only two sides). The most common of these drawing types in engineering drawing is isometric projection. This projection is tilted so that all three axes create equal angles at intervals of ...
Here is an example of an engineering drawing (an isometric view of the same object is shown above). The different line types are colored for clarity. Black = object line and hatching; Red = hidden line; Blue = center line of piece or opening; Magenta = phantom line or cutting plane line
Parallel projections (oblique, planometric, isometric, dimetric, and trimetric), and many types of perspective projections (with one, two, or three vanishing points ). Technical illustration and computer-aided design can also use 3D and solid-body projections, such as rapid prototyping .
Orthographic projection (also orthogonal projection and analemma) [a] is a means of representing three-dimensional objects in two dimensions.Orthographic projection is a form of parallel projection in which all the projection lines are orthogonal to the projection plane, [2] resulting in every plane of the scene appearing in affine transformation on the viewing surface.
If the three foreshortenings are equal, the projection is called isometric. If all foreshortenings are different, the projection is called trimetric . The parameters in the diagram at right (e.g. of the house drawn on graph paper) are: α = 135 ∘ , β = 90 ∘ , v y = v z = 1 , v x = 1 / 2 . {\displaystyle \alpha =135^{\circ },\beta =90 ...