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Modern spoken Tamil also shows a number of sound changes, in particular, a tendency to lower high vowels in initial and medial positions, [54] and the disappearance of vowels between plosives and between a plosive and rhotic. [55] Contact with European languages affected written and spoken Tamil.
Historical map of the Chola Empire, where Tamil was the language of administration. The following is a list of sovereign states and territories where Tamil is an official language or language of government. Tamil is the 17th most spoken language in the world. Tamil language speakers make up approximately 1.06% of the world population.
[142] [199] Though the old Tamil preserved features of Proto-Dravidian language, [200] modern-day spoken Tamil uses loanwords from other languages such as English. [ 201 ] [ 202 ] The existent Tamil grammar is largely based on the grammar book Naṉṉūl which incorporates facets from the old Tamil literary work Tolkāppiyam . [ 203 ]
States and union territories of India by the spoken first language [1] [note 1]. The Republic of India is home to several hundred languages.Most Indians speak a language belonging to the families of the Indo-Aryan branch of Indo-European (c. 77%), the Dravidian (c. 20.61%), the Austroasiatic (precisely Munda and Khasic) (c. 1.2%), or the Sino-Tibetan (precisely Tibeto-Burman) (c. 0.8%), with ...
It includes the literary languages Tamil, Kannada, Malayalam and Tulu, as well as several non-literary languages such as Badaga, Irula, Kota, Kurumba, Toda and Kodava. [ 1 ] Kannada, Tamil and Malayalam are recognized among the official languages of India and are spoken mainly in South India .
Tamil is a Dravidian language predominantly spoken in Tamil Nadu, Puducherry and many parts of Sri Lanka. It is also spoken by large minorities in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Kerala, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Malaysia, Singapore, Mauritius and throughout the world.
The following table contains the Indian states and union territories along with the most spoken scheduled languages used in the region. [1] These are based on the 2011 census of India figures except Andhra Pradesh and Telangana, whose statistics are based on the 2001 census of the then unified Andhra Pradesh.
Official languages (from top): English, Chinese, Tamil, Malay. Tamil is the most spoken Indian language in Singapore and the only Indian language among Singapore's four official languages, alongside Mandarin, Malay and English, [3] and 3.1% of Singapore residents speak Tamil at home. [4] Singapore is one of the three countries in the world to ...