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Professional development credits are named differently from state to state. For example, teachers in Indiana are required to earn 90 Continuing Renewal Units (CRUs) per year; [8] in Massachusetts, teachers need 150 Professional Development Points (PDPs); [9] and in Georgia, teachers must earn 10 Professional Learning Units (PLUs). [10]
The original goals of the program were to support the professional development of teachers of core subject, target those teachers who teach "at-risk" students, integrate other reform efforts to ensure all aspect of the education system were geared toward the same goals, and track the progress of states and local education agencies against a ...
A broader definition might include any professional whose work contributes in some way to the initial education or the continuing professional development of school and other teachers. [37] Even within a single educational system, teacher educators may be employed in different roles by different kinds of organisation.
The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development has argued that it is necessary to develop a shared definition of the skills and knowledge required by teachers, in order to guide teachers' career-long education and professional development. [9] Some evidence-based international discussions have tried to reach such a common understanding.
Practice-based professional learning (PBPL) is understood in contrast to classroom- or theory-based learning. It is kindred to terms such as work-based learning , workplace or work-centred learning. Distinctive, though, are a concern for professional learning, and the preference for practice rather than work.
Tom Russell, in a reflective article looking back on 35 years as teacher educator, concurred that teacher educators rarely model reflective practice, fail to link reflection clearly and directly to professional learning, and rarely explain what they mean by reflection, with the result that student teachers may complete their initial teacher ...
Faculty development is a similarly used term to staff development and professional development, in settings that pertain to educators. [ 1 ] Professional development for educators may include teacher training , and is usually considered pre-service, or before beginning teaching.
The phrase professional learning community began to be used in the 1990s after Peter Senge's book The Fifth Discipline (1990) had popularized the idea of learning organizations, [1] [2]: 2 related to the idea of reflective practice espoused by Donald Schön in books such as The Reflective Turn: Case Studies in and on Educational Practice (1991).