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Sunbaker, by Max Dupain. Exposure of skin to ultraviolet radiation from sunlight presents both positive and negative health effects. On the positive side, UV exposure enables the synthesis of vitamin D 3, which is essential for bone health [1] and potentially plays a role in inhibiting certain cancers.
Xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) is a genetic disorder in which there is a decreased ability to repair DNA damage such as that caused by ultraviolet (UV) light. [1] Symptoms may include a severe sunburn after only a few minutes in the sun, freckling in sun-exposed areas, dry skin and changes in skin pigmentation. [1]
Squamous-cell skin cancer (SCC) is commonly a red, scaling, thickened patch on sun-exposed skin. Some are firm hard nodules and dome shaped like keratoacanthomas. Ulceration and bleeding may occur. When SCC is not treated, it may develop into a large mass. Squamous-cell is the second most common skin cancer.
Cutaneous squamous-cell carcinoma is the second-most common cancer of the skin (after basal-cell carcinoma, but more common than melanoma). It usually occurs in areas exposed to the sun. Sunlight exposure and immunosuppression are risk factors for SCC of the skin, with chronic sun exposure being the strongest environmental risk factor. [26]
The cancerous skin lesions refer to damaged cutaneous tissues with risks of further developing into skin cell carcinoma. [31] Skin carcinoma, or skin cancer, is very common in sun-radiation-abundant areas. The over-exposure to sunlight is the most prevalent cause that leads to Actinic keratosis (AK), a common cancerous cutaneous lesion.
Overexposure to ultraviolet radiation is known to cause skin cancer, [19] make skin age and wrinkle faster, [20] mutate DNA, [21] and impair the immune system. [22] Frequent tanning bed use triples the risk of developing melanoma, the deadliest form of skin cancer, according to a 2010 study.
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Long-term sunlight exposure is known to be associated with the development of skin cancer, skin aging, immune suppression, and eye diseases such as cataracts and macular degeneration. [54] Short-term overexposure is the cause of sunburn, snow blindness, and solar retinopathy.