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  2. Soil microbiology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil_Microbiology

    They are the most abundant microorganisms in the soil, and serve many important purposes, including nitrogen fixation. [9] Some bacteria can colonize minerals in the soil and help influence weathering and the breaking down of these minerals. The overall composition of the soil can determine the amount of bacteria growing in the soil.

  3. Carbon-to-nitrogen ratio - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon-to-nitrogen_ratio

    In microbial communities like soil, the C:N ratio is a key indicator as it describes a balance between energetic foods (represented by carbon) and material to build protein with (represented by nitrogen). An optimal C:N ratio of around 24:1 provides for higher microbial activity. [16] [17]

  4. Soil organic matter - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil_organic_matter

    The benefits of SOM result from several complex, interactive, edaphic factors; a non-exhaustive list of these benefits to soil function includes improvement of soil structure, aggregation, water retention, soil biodiversity, absorption and retention of pollutants, buffering capacity, and the cycling and storage of plant nutrients.

  5. Agricultural microbiology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agricultural_microbiology

    By dominating the soil's microbial environment, effective microorganisms encourage other beneficial microbes to thrive and outcompete smaller groups of pathogenic or opportunistic microbes. This natural balancing act leads to stronger, more resilient plants and higher crop yields, positioning effective microorganisms as a key player in the ...

  6. Soil respiration - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil_respiration

    Measuring spatial variability of soil respiration in the field. These are either open or closed mode instruments that are portable or semi-portable. They measure CO 2 soil respiration variability at different locations and at different times. With this type of instrument, soil collars that can be connected to the survey measuring instrument are ...

  7. Biological soil crust - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biological_soil_crust

    The darkened surfaces of biological soil crusts decreases soil albedo (a measure of the amount of light reflected off of the surface) compared to nearby soils, which increases the energy absorbed by the soil surface. Soils with well-developed biological soil crusts can be over 12 °C (22 °F) warmer than adjacent surfaces.

  8. Urban agriculture - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urban_agriculture

    Typical measures of soil health are microbial biomass and activity, enzymes, soil organic matter (SOM), total nitrogen, available nutrients, porosity, aggregate stability, and compaction. A new measurement is active carbon (AC), which is the most usable portion of the total organic carbon (TOC) in the soil. This contributes greatly to the ...

  9. Fungal extracellular enzyme activity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fungal_extracellular...

    Soil fertility and plant production: Use of enzyme activity as indicator of soil quality [71] [72] Composting. Impacts of composting municipal solid waste on soil microbial activity [10] Soil organic matter stability: Impact of temperature and soil respiration on enzymatic activity and its effect on soil fertility [73] Climate change indicators

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