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2. Kidney stone disease - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kidney_stone_disease

   Kidney stone disease, also known as renal calculus disease, nephrolithiasis or urolithiasis, is a crystallopathy where a solid piece of material (renal calculus) develops in the urinary tract. [2] Renal calculi typically form in the kidney and leave the body in the urine stream. [2] A small calculus may pass without causing symptoms. [2]

3. Struvite - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Struvite

   Struvite kidney stones are also known as triple phosphate stones (calcium magnesium ammonium phosphate), owing to the presence of carbonate apatite that precipitates to accompany struvite at high pH. [10] [11] [12] Struvite and carbonate apatite precipitate in alkaline urine, forming kidney stones.

4. Numerous factors can cause kidney disease. Here are the ... - AOL

   www.aol.com/numerous-factors-cause-kidney...

   AKI - the other main type of kidney disease - can be caused by dehydration, blood loss, urinary tract obstructions such as kidney stones or blood clots, low blood pressure, or heart disease. It ...

5. More kids are getting kidney stones, and doctors don ... - AOL

   www.aol.com/why-more-kids-getting-kidney...

   Kidney stones are caused by high levels of the minerals calcium, oxalate, and phosphorus in urine. These minerals are normally found in urine and do not cause problems at low levels. However ...

6. What causes kidney stones? What does kidney stone pain ... - AOL

   www.aol.com/causes-kidney-stones-does-kidney...

   A kidney stone is a hard object, which can be as small as a grain of salt or as big as a golf ball, made from chemicals—calcium oxalate, uric acid, struvite, and cystine—found in our urine ...

7. Gitelman syndrome - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gitelman_syndrome

   Anatomy of a Nephron; functional unit of the kidney [1] Gitelman syndrome (GS) is an autosomal recessive kidney tubule disorder characterized by low blood levels of potassium and magnesium, decreased excretion of calcium in the urine, and elevated blood pH. [2] It is the most frequent hereditary salt-losing tubulopathy.