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In mathematics, the inverse hyperbolic functions are inverses of the hyperbolic functions, analogous to the inverse circular functions. There are six in common use: inverse hyperbolic sine, inverse hyperbolic cosine, inverse hyperbolic tangent, inverse hyperbolic cosecant, inverse hyperbolic secant, and inverse hyperbolic cotangent.
Subtracting from both sides and dividing by 2 by two yields the power-reduction formula for sine: = ( ()). The half-angle formula for sine can be obtained by replacing θ {\displaystyle \theta } with θ / 2 {\displaystyle \theta /2} and taking the square-root of both sides: sin ( θ / 2 ) = ± ( 1 − cos θ ) / 2 ...
Specifically, they are the inverses of the sine, cosine, tangent, cotangent, secant, and cosecant functions, [4] and are used to obtain an angle from any of the angle's trigonometric ratios. Inverse trigonometric functions are widely used in engineering, navigation, physics, and geometry.
Quadrant 2 (angles from 90 to 180 degrees, or π/2 to π radians): Sine and cosecant functions are positive in this quadrant. Quadrant 3 (angles from 180 to 270 degrees, or π to 3π/2 radians): Tangent and cotangent functions are positive in this quadrant.
3.1 Integrals of hyperbolic tangent, cotangent, secant, cosecant functions. 3.2 Integrals involving hyperbolic sine and cosine functions.
Domain of cotangent and cosecant : The domains of and are the same. They are the set of all angles θ {\displaystyle \theta } at which sin θ ≠ 0 , {\displaystyle \sin \theta \neq 0,} i.e. all real numbers that are not of the form π n {\displaystyle \pi n} for some integer n , {\displaystyle n,}
2.1 Low-order polylogarithms. 2.2 Exponential function. 2.3 Trigonometric, inverse trigonometric, hyperbolic, and inverse hyperbolic functions relationship.
For each inverse hyperbolic integration formula below there is a corresponding formula in the list of integrals of inverse trigonometric functions. The ISO 80000-2 standard uses the prefix "ar-" rather than "arc-" for the inverse hyperbolic functions; we do that here.