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The Maine penny, also referred to as the Goddard coin, is a Norwegian silver coin dating to the reign of Olaf Kyrre King of Norway (1067–1093 AD). It was claimed to be discovered in Maine in 1957, and it has been suggested as evidence of Pre-Columbian trans-oceanic contact .
A coin similar to the Maine penny. Unusual finds at the site include worked copper, including some of European origin that were found in a Late Ceramic period grave of two children, alongside clay artifacts. [3] The most unusual find, however, is the Maine penny, a silver coin of Norse origin, dating to the reign of Olaf Kyrre (1067–1093 AD ...
In general, the tokens are organized within each county such that pennies are listed first (lowest D&H numbers), then halfpennies, and finally farthings (highest D&H numbers). [3] [34] It is also quite common for collectors to refer to a token by the specific city, business, or series of the issue within the larger county category. A few tokens ...
Vol. 1: An introduction to the bosonic string. ISBN 0-521-63303-6. Vol. 2: Superstring theory and beyond. ISBN 0-521-63304-4. Szabo, Richard J. (Reprinted 2007) An Introduction to String Theory and D-brane Dynamics. Imperial College Press. ISBN 978-1-86094-427-7. Zwiebach, Barton (2004) A First Course in String Theory. Cambridge University Press.
String theory is a theoretical framework that attempts to address these questions and many others. The starting point for string theory is the idea that the point-like particles of particle physics can also be modeled as one-dimensional objects called strings. String theory describes how strings propagate through space and interact with each other.
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String is a long flexible structure made from fibers twisted together into a single strand, or from multiple such strands which are in turn twisted together. String is used to tie, bind, or hang other objects. It is also used as a material to make things, such as textiles, and in arts and crafts.
Schwarz and Scherk argued that string theory had failed to catch on because physicists had underestimated its scope. This led to the development of bosonic string theory. String theory is formulated in terms of the Polyakov action, [37] which describes how strings move through space and time. Like springs, the strings tend to contract to ...