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Napoleon's Crimes: A Blueprint for Hitler (French: Le Crime de Napoléon) is a book published in 2005 by French writer Claude Ribbe, who is of Caribbean origin. In the book, Ribbe advances the thesis that Napoleon Bonaparte during the Haitian Revolution first used gas chambers as a method of mass execution, 140 years before Hitler and the Nazis .
Les cinq codes (English: the five codes) was a set of legal codes established under Napoléon I between 1804 and 1810: Code civil (1804), the first and best known; Code de procédure civile (1806) Code de commerce (1807) Code d’instruction criminelle (1808) Code pénal (1810)
The 1810 Penal Code. The Penal Code of 1810 (French: Code pénal de 1810) was a code of criminal law created under Napoleon which replaced the Penal Code of 1791. [1] Among other things, this code reinstated a life imprisonment punishment, as well as branding.
Vom Kriege (German pronunciation: [fɔm ˈkʁiːɡə]) is a book on war and military strategy by Prussian general Carl von Clausewitz (1780–1831), written mostly after the Napoleonic wars, between 1816 and 1830, and published posthumously by his wife Marie von Brühl in 1832. [1]
A war crime is a violation of the laws of war that gives rise to individual criminal responsibility for actions by combatants in action, such as intentionally killing civilians or intentionally killing prisoners of war, torture, taking hostages, unnecessarily destroying civilian property, deception by perfidy, wartime sexual violence, pillaging, and for any individual that is part of the ...
The Third of May 1808 by Francisco Goya, attacks Napoleon by showing Spanish resisters being executed by his soldiers.. In the political realm, historians debate whether Napoleon was "an enlightened despot who laid the foundations of modern Europe" or "a megalomaniac who wrought greater misery than any man before the coming of Hitler". [4]
German historiography may count the War of the Second Coalition (1798/9–1801/2), during which Napoleon had seized power, as the Erster Napoleonischer Krieg ("First Napoleonic War"). [ 50 ] In Dutch historiography, it is common to refer to the 7 major wars between 1792 and 1815 as the Coalition Wars ( coalitieoorlogen ), referring to the first ...
This article lists and summarizes the war crimes that have violated the laws and customs of war since the Hague Conventions of 1899 and 1907.. Since many war crimes are not prosecuted (due to lack of political will, lack of effective procedures, or other practical and political reasons), [1] [better source needed] historians and lawyers will frequently make a serious case in order to prove ...