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Base-128 compression is known by many names – VB (Variable Byte), VByte, Varint, VInt, EncInt etc. [1] A variable-length quantity (VLQ) was defined for use in the standard MIDI file format [2] to save additional space for a resource-constrained system, and is also used in the later Extensible Music Format (XMF).
Therefore, the first byte is always encoded by its own value. However, after encoding a byte, that value is moved to the front of the list before continuing to the next byte. An example will shed some light on how the transform works. Imagine instead of bytes, we are encoding values in a–z. We wish to transform the following sequence: bananaaa
Besides integers, floating-point numbers, and Booleans, other built-in types include: The void type and null pointer type nullptr_t in C++11 and C23; Characters and strings (see below) Tuple in Standard ML, Python, Scala, Swift, Elixir; List in Common Lisp, Python, Scheme, Haskell; Fixed-point number with a variety of precisions and a ...
Some languages, such as Lisp, Smalltalk, REXX, Haskell, Python, and Raku, support arbitrary precision integers (also known as infinite precision integers or bignums). Other languages that do not support this concept as a top-level construct may have libraries available to represent very large numbers using arrays of smaller variables, such as ...
Break the number up into groups of 7 bits. Output one encoded byte for each 7 bit group, from least significant to most significant group. Each byte will have the group in its 7 least significant bits. Set the most significant bit on each byte except the last byte. The number zero is usually encoded as a single byte 0x00.
The integer data that are directly supported by the computer hardware have a fixed width of a low power of 2, e.g. 8 bits ≙ 1 byte, 16 bits ≙ 2 bytes, 32 bits ≙ 4 bytes, 64 bits ≙ 8 bytes, 128 bits ≙ 16 bytes. The low-level access sequence to the bytes of such a field depends on the operation to be performed.
4,704 bits (588 bytes) – uncompressed single-channel frame length in standard MPEG audio (75 frames per second and per channel), with medium quality 8-bit sampling at 44,100 Hz (or 16-bit sampling at 22,050 Hz) kilobyte (kB, KB) 8,000 bits (1,000 bytes) 2 13: kibibyte (KiB) 8,192 bits (1,024 bytes) – RAM capacity of a ZX81 and a ZX80.
A bit array is a mapping from some domain (almost always a range of integers) to values in the set {0, 1}. The values can be interpreted as dark/light, absent/present, locked/unlocked, valid/invalid, et cetera. The point is that there are only two possible values, so they can be stored in one bit.