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Measuring ocean waves by use of marine radars. Wave radar is a type of radar for measuring wind waves.Several instruments based on a variety of different concepts and techniques are available, and these are all often called.
Its major payload is an X-band (3.1 cm) radar sensor, with different modes of operation, which allows it to provide multiple imaging modes for recording images with different swath width, resolution and polarizations, see the figure for more details. In stripmap mode (spatial resolution of 3m), it needs 10 weeks to map global Earth's landmass.
Remote sensing as we know it today started with the first earth orbiting satellite Landsat 1 in 1973. [10] Landsat 1 delivered the first multi-spectral images of features on land and coastal zones all over the world and already showed effectiveness in oceanography, [11] although not specifically designed for it.
When the radio waves reflect off objects, this will make some changes in the radio waves and can provide data about the objects, including how far the waves traveled and what kind of objects they encountered. Using the acquired data, a computer can create a 3-D or 2-D image of the target. [2] Imaging radar has several advantages. [3]
The range between transmit pulses is 5 km to 50 km. Range and velocity cannot be measured directly using medium PRF, and ambiguity resolution is required to identify true range and speed. Doppler signals are generally above 1 kHz, which is audible, so audio signals from medium-PRF systems can be used for passive target classification.
In the cross-range coordinate, the similar resolution is mainly proportional to the bandwidth of the Doppler shift of the signal returns within the beamwidth. Since Doppler frequency depends on the angle of the scattering point's direction from the broadside direction, the Doppler bandwidth available within the beamwidth is the same at all ranges.
Most merchant ships carry at least one of each type to ensure adequate target detection and response. [1] For example, the S-band operates better in sea clutter and rain than the X-band, however, the X-band has greater definition and accuracy in clear weather. [1] Radar is a vital navigation component for safety at sea and near the shore.
The range and velocity of a target are detected through pulse delay ranging and the Doppler effect (pulse-Doppler), or through the frequency modulation (FM) ranging and range differentiation. The range resolution is limited by the instantaneous signal bandwidth of the radar sensor in both pulse-Doppler and frequency modulated continuous wave ...