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  2. Energy profile (chemistry) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy_profile_(chemistry)

    Any chemical structure that lasts longer than the time for typical bond vibrations (10 −13 – 10 −14 s) can be considered as intermediate. [4] Figure 5:Potential Energy Surface and Corresponding 2-D Reaction Coordinate Diagram derived from the plane passing through the minimum energy pathway between A and C and passing through B

  3. Wikipedia : Manual of Style/Chemistry/Structure drawing

    en.wikipedia.org/.../Chemistry/Structure_drawing

    ACD/ChemSketch is freeware available for personal, home, and educational use from ACDlabs. It has comprehensive chemical drawing features and can directly connect to PubChem, eMolecules and Chemspider to search these large databases by structure or substructure. The program can read and write in many file formats including export of PNG files.

  4. Potential energy surface - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potential_energy_surface

    A potential energy surface (PES) or energy landscape describes the energy of a system, especially a collection of atoms, in terms of certain parameters, normally the positions of the atoms. The surface might define the energy as a function of one or more coordinates; if there is only one coordinate, the surface is called a potential energy ...

  5. Chemical energy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_energy

    Chemical energy is the energy of chemical substances that is released when the substances undergo a chemical reaction and transform into other substances. Some examples of storage media of chemical energy include batteries, [1] food, and gasoline (as well as oxygen gas, which is of high chemical energy due to its relatively weak double bond [2] and indispensable for chemical-energy release in ...

  6. Arrow pushing - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arrow_pushing

    Arrow pushing or electron pushing is a technique used to describe the progression of organic chemistry reaction mechanisms. [1] It was first developed by Sir Robert Robinson.In using arrow pushing, "curved arrows" or "curly arrows" are drawn on the structural formulae of reactants in a chemical equation to show the reaction mechanism.

  7. Transition state - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transition_state

    Transition state structures can be determined by searching for first-order saddle points on the potential energy surface (PES) of the chemical species of interest. [4] A first-order saddle point is a critical point of index one, that is, a position on the PES corresponding to a minimum in all directions except one.

  8. Chemistry - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemistry

    Chemistry is the scientific study of the properties and behavior of matter. [1] It is a physical science within the natural sciences that studies the chemical elements that make up matter and compounds made of atoms, molecules and ions: their composition, structure, properties, behavior and the changes they undergo during reactions with other substances.

  9. Energy transformation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy_transformation

    Fire is an example of energy transformation Energy transformation using Energy Systems Language. Energy transformation, also known as energy conversion, is the process of changing energy from one form to another. [1] In physics, energy is a quantity that provides the capacity to perform work or moving (e.g. lifting an object) or provides heat.