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The responsibility to protect (R2P or RtoP) is a global political commitment which was endorsed by the United Nations General Assembly at the 2005 World Summit in order to address its four key concerns to prevent genocide, war crimes, ethnic cleansing and crimes against humanity.
A state's sovereignty is also under question. Sovereignty is dependent upon the state's responsibility to its people; if not fulfilled, then the contract between the government and its citizen is void, and thus the sovereignty is not legitimate. In that crucible lies the genesis of the responsibility to protect doctrine. [2]
The responsibility to protect (R2P) is a widely endorsed and developing norm aimed at preventing humanitarian atrocities. [1] China has been receptive towards the development of R2P since its inception in 2001, [2] despite China's traditional tendency to obstruct engagement in humanitarian crises. [3]
An exception was the endorsement of the "responsibility to protect" (known by the acronyms RtoP and R2P), which had been developed and articulated by a Canadian commission [5] and proposed by Kofi Annan as part of his In Larger Freedom [6] reform package as a means to mobilize international response to four mass atrocity crimes. The ...
The R2P doctrine follows a "second duty" that employs states to intervene if another state is unwilling or unable to protect its citizens from gross human rights violations. [4] Moreover, the International Criminal Court closely monitors states who are unable or unwilling to protect their citizens and investigate if they have committed ...
Although usually considered to be categorically distinct from most definitions of humanitarian intervention, [42] the emergence of a 'Responsibility to protect' (R2P) deserves mention. Responsibility to Protect is the name of a report produced in 2001 by the International Commission on Intervention and State Sovereignty (ICISS) which was ...
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R2P asserts that, 'when a state is unwilling or unable to protect its citizens from genocide, war crimes, ethnic cleansing and crimes against humanity, it is the responsibility of the international community to not only react, but to prevent conflict and rebuild the afflicted region' (' "The Responsibility to Protect", International Commission ...