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For example, stimulants like Ritalin can produce state-dependent memory effects in children with hyperactive disorders. [11] Additionally, state-dependent memory effects have been found in regard to other substances such as morphine, caffeine, and alcohol. [6] [12] [13] Substantial amounts of research have been conducted on the effects of ...
This led the researchers to conclude that caffeine effects phonological priming rather than memory storage. A study in which caffeinated subjects were tested for recall after fast and slow presentation of word lists found no significant effects of caffeine for male subjects. Female subjects showed decreased recall after slow presentation. [5]
Caffeine is a central nervous system (CNS) stimulant of the methylxanthine class and is the most commonly consumed psychoactive substance globally. [9] [10] It is mainly used for its eugeroic (wakefulness promoting), ergogenic (physical performance-enhancing), or nootropic (cognitive-enhancing) properties.
This diagram shows how caffeine affects the different areas of the body, both positively and negatively. Consumption of caffeine in large quantities can have negative effects on one's sleep cycle. Caffeine consumption, usually in the form of coffee, is one of the most widely used stimulants in the world. [137]
The health effects of coffee include various possible health benefits and health risks. [ 1 ] A 2017 umbrella review of meta-analyses found that drinking coffee is generally safe within usual levels of intake and is more likely to improve health outcomes than to cause harm at doses of 3 or 4 cups of coffee daily.
The potential benefits of caffeine are increased focus and reaction time, reduced perceived effort, and faster sprint performance. It blocks tiredness-causing adenosine from receptors in the brain.
According to the USDA National Nutrient Database, a 240-millilitre (8 US fl oz) cup of "coffee brewed from grounds" contains 95 mg caffeine, whereas an espresso (25 mL) contains 53 mg. [189] According to an article in the Journal of the American Dietetic Association, coffee has the following caffeine content, depending on how it is prepared: [186]
Caffeine dependence can cause a host of physiological effects if caffeine consumption is not maintained. Commonly known caffeine withdrawal symptoms include headaches, fatigue, loss of focus, lack of motivation, mood swings, nausea, insomnia, dizziness, cardiac issues, hypertension, anxiety, and backache and joint pain; these can range in severity from mild to severe. [18]