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  2. Port forwarding - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Port_forwarding

    Port forwarding via NAT router. In computer networking, port forwarding or port mapping is an application of network address translation (NAT) that redirects a communication request from one address and port number combination to another while the packets are traversing a network gateway, such as a router or firewall.

  3. Network address translation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_address_translation

    NAT hairpinning, also known as NAT loopback or NAT reflection, [26] is a feature in many consumer routers [27] where a machine on the LAN is able to access another machine on the LAN via the external IP address of the LAN/router (with port forwarding set up on the router to direct requests to the appropriate machine on the LAN).

  4. Internet Gateway Device Protocol - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Gateway_Device...

    The compatibility issue still exist since the introduced of the IGDv1 client in Windows XP in 2001, and a IGDv2 router without a workaround that makes router port mapping impossible. [ 8 ] If UPnP is only used to control router port mappings and pinholes, there are alternative, newer much simpler and lightweight protocols such as the PCP and ...

  5. Forwarding information base - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forwarding_information_base

    The label edge routers at the edges of an MPLS cloud map between the end-to-end identifier, such as an IP address, and a link-local label. At each MPLS hop, there is a forwarding table that tells the label-switched router which outgoing interface is to receive the MPLS packet, and what label to use when sending the packet out that interface.

  6. Port Control Protocol - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Port_Control_Protocol

    Port Control Protocol (PCP) is a computer networking protocol that allows hosts on IPv4 or IPv6 networks to control how the incoming IPv4 or IPv6 packets are translated and forwarded by an upstream router that performs network address translation (NAT) or packet filtering.

  7. Firewall pinhole - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firewall_pinhole

    In computer networking, a firewall pinhole is a port that is not protected by a firewall to allow a particular application to gain access to a service on a host in the network protected by the firewall. [1] [2] Leaving ports open in firewall configurations exposes the protected system to potentially malicious abuse.

  8. IP routing - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IP_routing

    The IP forwarding algorithm is a specific implementation of routing for IP networks. In order to achieve a successful transfer of data, the algorithm uses a routing table to select a next-hop router as the next destination for a datagram. The IP address of the selected router is known as the next-hop address. [1] The IP forwarding algorithm ...

  9. Port (computer networking) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Port_(computer_networking)

    The operating system's networking software has the task of transmitting outgoing data from all application ports onto the network, and forwarding arriving network packets to processes by matching the packet's IP address and port number to a socket. For TCP, only one process may bind to a specific IP address and port combination.