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Sequence of reclamation from left: raw sewage, sewage treatment plant effluent, and finally reclaimed water (after several treatment steps). Water reclamation is the process of converting municipal wastewater or sewage and industrial wastewater into water that can be reused for a variety of purposes .
The State Water Resources Control Board has laid out plans for the increased "use of recycled water over 2002 levels by at least one million acre⋅ft (1.2 billion m 3) per year by 2020 and by at least two million acre⋅ft (2.5 billion m 3) per year by 2030." [4] The DWR reviews and updates the California Water Plan every 5 years.
This shallow recharged water is then recovered as potable water and injected into the deep basalt aquifer. [citation needed] During the injection process, electrical energy can be generated by the head pressure of the water flowing back into the aquifer. This stored water is recovered during late summer and early autumn for irrigation needs.
Treated wastewater can be reused as reclaimed water. [3] The main purpose of wastewater treatment is for the treated wastewater to be able to be disposed or reused safely. However, before it is treated, the options for disposal or reuse must be considered so the correct treatment process is used on the wastewater.
Sewage treatment (or domestic wastewater treatment, municipal wastewater treatment) is a type of wastewater treatment which aims to remove contaminants from sewage to produce an effluent that is suitable to discharge to the surrounding environment or an intended reuse application, thereby preventing water pollution from raw sewage discharges. [2]
Sewer mining (or sewage mining) is a concept where municipal wastewater is pumped from a trunk sewer and treated on-site to accommodate a range of local, nonpotable water needs. [1] It is a strategy for combating water scarcity. It combines decentralized wastewater management and water reclamation. [1]
Groundwater recharge also encompasses water moving away from the water table farther into the saturated zone. [1] Recharge occurs both naturally (through the water cycle) and through anthropogenic processes (i.e., "artificial groundwater recharge"), where rainwater and/or reclaimed water is routed to the subsurface.
The City of Tallahassee's reclaimed water system comprises both a Public Access Reuse system and a Restricted Access Reuse system. The Public Access Reuse system is served from the Tram Road Reuse Facility and has the capacity to provide 1.2 million gallons per day, serving commercial customers in the Southwood area since 2008.