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In his La naissance du Purgatoire (The Birth of Purgatory), Jacques Le Goff attributes the origin of the idea of a third other-world domain, similar to heaven and hell, called Purgatory, to Paris intellectuals and Cistercian monks at some point in the last three decades of the twelfth century, possibly as early as 1170−1180. [53]
Purgatoire means purgatory in French. It may refer to: Purgatoire River, a river in southeastern Colorado, United States; Purgatoire Formation, a geological unit ...
Điềm Phùng Thị (August 18, 1920 – January 28, 2002) was a Vietnamese modernist sculptor, considered "one of the masters of Vietnamese modern art." [1]After training as a dental surgeon and moving to France, Điềm developed an interest in sculpture in midlife and gained recognition in both Europe and Vietnam for her work.
In 1963, after the military overthrow of the minority Catholic regime of President Ngo Dinh Diem, Nhất Hạnh returned to South Vietnam on 16 December 1963, at the request of Thich Tri Quang, the monk most prominent in protesting the religious discrimination of Diem, to help restructure the administration of Vietnamese Buddhism. [13]
Từ điển bách khoa Việt Nam (lit: Encyclopaedic Dictionary of Vietnam) is a state-sponsored Vietnamese-language encyclopedia that was first published in 1995. It has four volumes consisting of 40,000 entries, the final of which was published in 2005. [1] The encyclopedia was republished in 2011.
On May 16, 1967, at 7:20 a.m., in District 10 of Saigon/Ho Chi Minh City in front of the Tu Nghiem Pagoda, Nhat Chi Mai set herself on fire using a petrol accelerant. She was 33 years old when she died from her burns. Prior to her self-immolation she wrote ten messages outlining her anti-war beliefs and calling for an end to the Vietnam War. [5]
In 1936, she returned to Vietnam and became the top leader of the communists in Saigon. She was seized by the French colonial government in 1940 and was executed by firing squad [ 7 ] the next year. [ 8 ] [ 9 ] Her husband Lê had been jailed in June 1939, and later died in the tiger cages at Poulo Condore prison in September 1942.
Phan Bội Châu (Vietnamese: [faːn ɓôjˀ cəw]; 26 December 1867 – 29 October 1940), born Phan Văn San, courtesy name Hải Thụ (later changed to Sào Nam), was a pioneer of 20th century Vietnamese nationalism.