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Methamphetamine may decrease the effects of sedatives and depressants and increase the effects of antidepressants and other stimulants as well. [25] Methamphetamine may counteract the effects of antihypertensives and antipsychotics owing to its effects on the cardiovascular system and cognition respectively. [ 25 ]
[3] [4] [5] Methamphetamine psychosis, or long-term effects of stimulant use in the brain (at the molecular level), depend upon genetics and may persist for months or years. [6] Psychosis may also result from withdrawal from stimulants, particularly when psychotic symptoms were present during use.
Amphetamine type stimulants can be used in the treatment of narcolepsy, a rare neurological disorder where the brain is unable to regulate the sleep-wake mechanism. [17] Amphetamines causes an increase in dopamine release, which is the proposed mechanism for its wake-promoting effect. [ 18 ]
There are also differences in long-term effects of using these substances, which is part the reason why it’s been so challenging to date to develop and to review and approve effective treatments.”
A systematic review of cardiovascular effects of prescription stimulants found no association in children, but found a correlation between prescription stimulant use and ischemic heart attacks. [17] A review over a four-year period found that there were few negative effects of stimulant treatment, but stressed the need for longer-term studies. [18]
Treatment for amphetamines is growing at extremely high rates around the world. [15] Psychostimulants that increase dopamine and mimic the effects of substituted amphetamines, but with lower abuse liability, could theoretically be used as replacement therapy in amphetamine dependence. [ 8 ]
Some authors have concluded that because of MDMA's potential to cause lasting harm in humans (e.g., serotonergic neurotoxicity and persistent memory impairment), "considerably more research must be performed" on its efficacy in PTSD treatment to determine if the potential treatment benefits outweigh its potential to harm a patient.
Jonathan Stewart died from the effects of methamphetamine April 27, according to a report from the County of Los Angeles Medical Examiner. The report labeled his death an accident.
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