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In ancient Greece, many were divided over what they believed to be the cause of the illness that a patient faced. According to James Longrigg in his book Greek Medicine From the Heroic to the Hellenistic Age, [1] many believed that mental illness was a direct response from the angry gods. According to Longrigg, the only way to fight this ...
The words "melancholia" (an old word for depression) and "mania" have their etymologies in Ancient Greek. The word melancholia is derived from melas /μελας, meaning "black", and chole /χολη, meaning "bile" or "gall", [ 1 ] indicative of the term's origins in pre- Hippocratic humoral theories.
If the treatment is followed, a full recovery is possible. [62] The several forms of jaundice that the Greek physicians proclaimed might be because jaundice occurs due to varying sicknesses like hepatitis, gallstones and tumors. The diverse set of symptoms were probably the effects of the sicknesses rather than the jaundice itself.
Alcohol use is a major contributing factor for head injuries, motor vehicle injuries (27%), interpersonal violence (18%), suicides (18%), and epilepsy (13%). [197] Beyond the financial costs that alcohol consumption imposes, there are also significant social costs to both the alcoholic and their family and friends. [67]
Although melancholia remained the dominant diagnostic term, depression gained increasing currency in medical treatises and was a synonym by the end of the century; German psychiatrist Emil Kraepelin may have been the first to use it as the overarching term, referring to different kinds of melancholia as depressive states. [15]
In the Greek case, the Commission stated that all torture was inhuman treatment, and all inhuman treatment was degrading. [ 187 ] [ 188 ] [ 190 ] It found that torture was "an aggravated form of inhuman treatment" distinguished by the fact that torture "has a purpose, such as the obtaining of information or confessions, or the infliction of ...
Thus, although mental disorder was often thought to be due to sin, other more mundane causes were also explored, including intemperate diet and alcohol, overwork, and grief. [48] The Franciscan friar Bartholomeus Anglicus ( c. 1203 – 1272) described a condition which resembles depression in his encyclopedia, De Proprietatibis Rerum , and he ...
Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is defined as a medical condition characterized by an impaired ability to stop or control alcohol use despite adverse social, occupational, or health consequences. [124] Excessive alcohol use can lead to health-related illness and continuous alcohol engagement can ultimately lead to death.