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Ethanol vapor pressure vs. temperature. Uses formula = + [10] Log 10 of ... Excess volume of the mixture of ethanol and water (volume contraction)
If an alcohol thermometer utilizes a combination of ethanol, toluene, and pentane, its lower temperature range may be extended to measure temperatures down to as low as −200 °C (−328 °F). [3] However, the measurement temperature range c. −200 °C to 78 °C, is highly dependent upon the type of alcohol used.
Spectroscopic ethanol is an absolute ethanol with a low absorbance in ultraviolet and visible light, fit for use as a solvent in ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy. [126] Pure ethanol is classed as 200 proof in the US, equivalent to 175 degrees proof in the UK system. [ 127 ]
Alcohol by volume (abbreviated as alc/vol or ABV) is a standard measure of the volume of alcohol contained in a given volume of an alcoholic beverage, expressed as a volume percent. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] It is defined as the number of millilitres (mL) of pure ethanol present in 100 mL (3.5 imp fl oz; 3.4 US fl oz) of solution at 20 °C (68 °F).
When one mole of water is added to a large volume of water at 25 °C, the volume increases by 18 cm 3. The molar volume of pure water would thus be reported as 18 cm 3 mol −1. However, addition of one mole of water to a large volume of pure ethanol results in an increase in volume of only 14 cm 3. The reason that the increase is different is ...
How much ethanol is in gasoline? In 2012, Americans consumed 134 billion gallons of gasoline that contained approximately 13 billion gallons of ethanol (a blend rate of 9.7%), according to the ...
The term ethanol was invented in 1892, blending "ethane" with the "-ol" ending of "alcohol", which was generalized as a libfix. [18] The term alcohol originally referred to the primary alcohol ethanol (ethyl alcohol), which is used as a drug and is the main alcohol present in alcoholic drinks.
Trouton’s rule can be explained by using Boltzmann's definition of entropy to the relative change in free volume (that is, space available for movement) between the liquid and vapour phases. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] It is valid for many liquids; for instance, the entropy of vaporization of toluene is 87.30 J/(K·mol), that of benzene is 89.45 J/(K·mol ...