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The outer fruit layer, left on black pepper, also contains aroma-contributing terpenes, including germacrene (11%), limonene (10%), pinene (10%), alpha-phellandrene (9%), and beta-caryophyllene (7%), [54] which give citrusy, woody, and floral notes. These scents are mostly missing in white pepper, as the fermentation and other processing ...
Green portions of the plant, unripe fruit, and especially the rhizome [167] contain a non-alkaloid lignin known as podophyllotoxin at concentrations ranging from 0.3% to 1.0% by mass, [168] [169] ingestion of which can cause severe gastroenteritis, diarrhea, and depression of the central nervous system. [170]
The AMA Handbook of Poisonous and Injurious Plants reports that the triterpenes found in the fruits can result in irritation of the throat, gastroenteritis, diarrhea, and vomiting. [15] Like most other members of the Anacardiaceae, Brazilian pepper contains active alkenyl phenols, e.g., urushiol, cardol, which can cause contact dermatitis and ...
As they are members of the cashew family, they may cause allergic reactions including anaphylaxis for people with a tree nut allergy. [4] The fruit and leaves of Peruvian pepper are potentially poisonous to poultry, pigs and possibly calves.[3] Records also exist of young children who have experienced vomiting and diarrhea after eating the ...
Pepper fruit find wide use among traditional remedies in West Africa. [ 7 ] [ 4 ] Health claims that have been researched include: Postnatal care : Achinewhu et al. (1995), [ 8 ] investigated the use of pepper fruit seeds in food given to new mothers to help the uterus contract.
One common symptom of P. palmivora is fruit rots which are found in papaya, citrus, coconuts, durian, and cacao. Root rots are another symptom of P. palmivora and can be seen in red maples, citrus, papaya, mango, durian, and black pepper. Another symptom is the presence of cankers which are found in red maple, papaya, rubber, mangos, and cacao.
The amount of piperine varies from 1–2% in long pepper, to 5–10% in commercial white and black peppers. [6] [7] Piperine can also be prepared by treating the solvent-free residue from a concentrated alcoholic extract of black pepper with a solution of potassium hydroxide to remove resin (said to contain chavicine, an isomer of piperine). [7]
Psammogeton involucratus is a flowering plant in the family Apiaceae. [2] It is grown extensively in South Asia, Southeast Asia, and Indonesia.Its aromatic dried fruits, like those of its close relative ajwain, are often used in Bengali cuisine but are rarely used in the rest of India.