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The Muscogee, also known as the Mvskoke, Muscogee Creek or just Creek, and the Muscogee Creek Confederacy (pronounced [məskóɡəlɡi] in the Muscogee language; English: / m ə s ˈ k oʊ ɡ iː / məss-KOH-ghee), are a group of related Indigenous peoples of the Southeastern Woodlands [2] in the United States.
Muscogee mythology (previously referred to by its exonym "Creek") is related to a Muscogee tribe who are originally from the southeastern United States, also known by their original name Mvskoke (or Muskogee), the name they use to identify themselves today. [1] Mvskoke is their name in traditional spelling.
The Muscogee Nation, or Muscogee (Creek) Nation, [3] is a federally recognized Native American tribe based in the U.S. state of Oklahoma. The nation descends from the historic Muscogee Confederacy , a large group of indigenous peoples of the Southeastern Woodlands .
Muscogee Creek traditions include a Horned Serpent and a Tie-Snake, estakwvnayv in the Muscogee Creek language. These are sometimes interpreted as being the same creature and sometimes different—similar, but the Horned Serpent is larger than the Tie-Snake.
Shell carving is experiencing a revival among Southeastern tribes today. Knokovtee Scott (Cherokee Nation/Muscogee, 1951–2019) studied under tribal historians, traditionalists, and medicine men. [10] [21] Scott carved gorgets with purple freshwater mussel shell harvested from near Fort Sill, Oklahoma. [20]
Because of continuing conflicts with European colonists and other Muscogee groups, many Ochese Creek migrated from Georgia to Spanish Florida in the later 18th century. There they joined with earlier refugees of the Yamasee War, remnants of Mission Indians, and fugitive slaves , to form a new tribe which became known as the Seminole .
The Muscogee Creek confederacy was composed of autonomous tribal towns, governed by their own elected leadership. The Creek originated in the Southeastern United States, in what is now Alabama and Georgia. They were collectively removed from the southeast to Indian Territory under the United States' Indian Removal Policy of the 1830s. [3] [4]
Hickory Ground, also known as Otciapofa (or Odshiapofa, Ocheopofau, and Ocheubofau) [2] [3] is an historic Upper Muscogee Creek tribal town and an archaeological site in Elmore County, Alabama near Wetumpka. [1] [4] [5] It is known as Oce Vpofa in the Muscogee language; [6] the name derives from oche-ub,"hickory" and po-fau, "among". [3]