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[8] [9] It was developed as a recombinant protein (rhIL-11) as the drug substance oprelvekin. The human IL-11 gene, consisting of 5 exons and 4 introns, is located on chromosome 19, [6] and encodes a 23 kDa protein. IL-11 is a member of the IL-6-type cytokine family, distinguished based on their use of the common co-receptor gp130.
They act by inhibiting gene expression of cytokines including Interleukin 1 (IL-1), IL-2, IL-3, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-alpha by binding to corticosteroid response elements on DNA. [1] This decrease in cytokine production reduces T cell proliferation. With decreased T cell proliferation there is decreased production of IL-2.
IL-1RA was initially called the IL-1 inhibitor and was discovered separately in 1984 by two independent laboratories. [7] IL-1RA is an agent that binds non-productively to the cell surface interleukin-1 receptor (IL-1R), the same receptor that binds interleukin 1 family (IL-1), preventing IL-1's from sending a signal to that cell.
Tildrakizumab, sold under the brand name Ilumya among others, is a monoclonal antibody designed for the treatment of immunologically mediated inflammatory disorders. [4] It is approved for the treatment of adults with moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis in the United States and in the European Union.
The receptors can both bind all three forms of IL-1 (IL-1 alpha, IL-1 beta and IL-1 receptor antagonist). The crystal structures of IL1A and IL1B [ 9 ] have been solved, showing them to share the same 12-stranded beta-sheet structure as both the heparin binding growth factors and the Kunitz-type soybean trypsin inhibitors. [ 10 ]
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Rilonacept, sold under the brand name Arcalyst, is a medication used to treat cryopyrin-associated periodic syndromes, including familial cold autoinflammatory syndrome, and Muckle–Wells syndrome; deficiency of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist; and recurrent pericarditis. [1] [2] [3] Rilonacept is an interleukin 1 inhibitor. [4]
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