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Allocation of seats by state, as percentage of overall number of representatives in the House, 1789–2020 census. United States congressional apportionment is the process [1] by which seats in the United States House of Representatives are distributed among the 50 states according to the most recent decennial census mandated by the United States Constitution.
Each state is responsible for the redistricting of districts within their state, while several states have one "at-large" division. Redistricting must take place if the number of members changes following a re-apportionment, or may take place at any other time if demographics represented in a district have changed substantially.
Apportionment in the United States involves dividing the 435 voting seats every ten years. As per Article One of the United States Constitution , elections to the House of Representatives are held every two years, and the numbers of delegates are apportioned amongst the states according to their relative populations. [ 17 ]
The Electoral College was officially selected as the means of electing president towards the end of the Constitutional Convention, due to pressure from slave states wanting to increase their voting power, since they could count slaves as 3/5 of a person when allocating electors, and by small states who increased their power given the minimum of ...
The largest value of A 1 corresponds to the largest state, California, which is allocated seat 51. The 52nd seat goes to Texas, the 2nd largest state, because its A 1 priority value is larger than the A n of any other state. The 53rd seat goes back to California because its A 2 priority value is larger than the A n of any other state.
Green, 328 U.S. 549 (1946), Article I, Section 4 left to the legislature of each state the authority to establish congressional districts; [4] however, such decisions are subject to judicial review. [2] [5] In most states redistricting is subject to political maneuvering, but some state legislatures have created independent commissions. [6]
An election apportionment diagram is the graphic representation of election results and the seats in a plenary or legislative body. The chart can also be used to represent data in easy to understand terms, for example by grouping allied parties together.
The basis for apportionment may be out of date. For example, in the United States, apportionment follows the decennial census. The states conducted the 2010 elections with districts apportioned according to the 2000 Census. The lack of accuracy does not justify the present cost and perceived intrusion of a new census before each biennial election.