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Allocation of seats by state, as percentage of overall number of representatives in the House, 1789–2020 census. United States congressional apportionment is the process [1] by which seats in the United States House of Representatives are distributed among the 50 states according to the most recent decennial census mandated by the United States Constitution.
The final apportionment, which was not part of the Act itself, was on the basis of "the ratio of one for every thirty-three thousand persons in the respective States", [1] and used the Jefferson method [2] which required fractional remainders to be ignored when calculating each state's total number of representatives. This apportionment method ...
Such apportionments often have substantial consequences, as in the 1870 reapportionment, when Congress used an ad-hoc apportionment to favor Republican states. [8] Had each state's electoral vote total been exactly equal to its entitlement , or had Congress used Webster's method or a largest remainders method (as it had since 1840), the 1876 ...
The Huntington–Hill method, sometimes called method of equal proportions, is a highest averages method for assigning seats in a legislature to political parties or states. [1] Since 1941, this method has been used to apportion the 435 seats in the United States House of Representatives following the completion of each decennial census. [2] [3]
The original, and best-known, example of an apportionment problem involves distributing seats in a legislature between different federal states or political parties. [1] However, apportionment methods can be applied to other situations as well, including bankruptcy problems , [ 2 ] inheritance law (e.g. dividing animals ), [ 3 ] [ 4 ] manpower ...
The D'Hondt method, [a] also called the Jefferson method or the greatest divisors method, is an apportionment method for allocating seats in parliaments among federal states, or in proportional representation among political parties.
Apportionment in the United States involves dividing the 435 voting seats every ten years. As per Article One of the United States Constitution , elections to the House of Representatives are held every two years, and the numbers of delegates are apportioned amongst the states according to their relative populations. [ 17 ]
Webster proposed the method in the United States Congress in 1832 for proportional allocation of seats in United States congressional apportionment. In 1842 the method was adopted (Act of June 25, 1842, ch 46, 5 Stat. 491). It was then replaced by Hamilton method and in 1911 the Webster method was reintroduced. [11]