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Red spruce is a perennial, [8] shade-tolerant, late successional [9] coniferous tree that under optimal conditions grows to 18–40 m (59–131 ft) tall with a trunk diameter of about 60 cm (24 in), though exceptional specimens can reach 46 m (151 ft) tall and 100 cm (39 inches) in diameter. It has a narrow conical crown.
Spruce-fir forests occur at the highest elevations, above 3,200 feet (980 m). Their environment is cool and wet, with frequent fog and precipitation. Red spruce (Picea rubens) and Fraser fir (Abies fraseri) dominate the forest canopy. [12]
The latter is dominated by the Mountain's eponymous red spruce (Picea rubens). [7] While not extending above the timberline, the stunted tree growth high on this windy mountaintop is relatively open. The summit was named for the spruce trees which grow there. [8] Red spruce (Picea rubens) is the most common
Black spruce (Picea mariana) and tamarack (Larix laricina) are the predominant tree species. Where the soil is not saturated year round grows northern white cedar (Thuja occidentalis). Speckled alder (Alnus incana) grows around the edges of these swamps and red spruce (Picea rubens) and white pine (Pinus strobus) grow on higher, drier ground. [3]
Spruce (Picea) Norway spruce (Picea abies) Black spruce (Picea mariana) Red spruce (Picea rubens) Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis) White spruce (Picea glauca) Sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) White cedar Northern white cedar (Thuja occidentalis) Atlantic white cedar (Chamaecyparis thyoides) Nootka cypress (Cupressus nootkatensis)
[5] Along with the biosphere reserve, the Great Smoky Mountains have been designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site . The U.S. National Park Service preserves and maintains 78 structures within the national park that were once part of the numerous small Appalachian communities scattered throughout the range's river valleys and coves.
Enjoy a classic game of Hearts and watch out for the Queen of Spades!
A list of tree species, grouped generally by biogeographic realm and specifically by bioregions, and shade tolerance. Shade-tolerant species are species that are able to thrive in the shade, and in the presence of natural competition by other plants.