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The Atlantic mudskipper has the ability to rotate its mouth opening so that its jaws can be oriented over prey. [13] Sharp teeth, reflective of their carnivorous diet, are present within the mouth. [14] Atlantic mudskippers have a short digestive system, that is composed of an oesophagus, stomach, intestine, and rectum. [15]
Mudskippers can grow up to 30 cm (12 in) long, and most are a brownish green colour that ranges anywhere from dark to light. During mating seasons, the males will also develop brightly coloured spots in order to attract females, which can be red, green or blue. Unlike other fish, the mudskipper's eyes protrude from the top of its flat head.
Periophthalmus argentilineatus Valenciennes, 1837 (Barred mudskipper) Periophthalmus barbarus (Linnaeus, 1766) (Atlantic mudskipper) Periophthalmus chrysospilos Bleeker, 1852; Periophthalmus darwini Larson & Takita, 2004 (Darwin's mudskipper) [2] Periophthalmus gracilis Eggert, 1935 (Graceful mudskipper) Periophthalmus kalolo Lesson, 1831 ...
Mudskippers are found in mangrove swamps in Africa and the Indo-Pacific; they frequently come onto land, and can survive in air for up to 3-1/2 days. [5] Mudskippers breathe through their skin and through the lining of the mouth (the mucosa) and throat (the pharynx). This requires the mudskipper to be wet, limiting them to humid habitats.
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Periophthalmus gracilis, a species of mudskipper, perched on land. Mudskippers are one type of walking fish. A walking fish, or ambulatory fish, is a fish that is able to travel over land for extended periods of time. Some other modes of non-standard fish locomotion include "walking" along the sea floor, for example, in handfish or frogfish.
Barred mudskipper: Periophthalmus argentilineatus: 6" This fish requires "land" to crawl out of the water. Atlantic mudskipper: Periophthalmus barbarus: 9" This fish requires "land" to crawl out of the water. Knight goby: Stigmatogobius sadanundio: 3.5"
Mudskippers move in much the same way on terrestrial ground. [70] In some species, a pelvic sucker allows them to climb, and the Hawaiian freshwater goby climbs waterfalls while migrating. [69] Gurnards have three pairs of free rays on their pectoral fins which have a sensory function but on which they can walk along the substrate. [71]