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  2. Geometrical-optical illusions - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geometrical-optical_illusions

    In studying geometry one concentrates on the position of points and on the length, orientation and curvature of lines. Geometrical–optical illusions then relate in the first instance to object characteristics as defined by geometry. Though vision is three-dimensional, in many situations depth can be factored out and attention concentrated on ...

  3. Vertical–horizontal illusion - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verticalhorizontal_illusion

    The verticalhorizontal illusion is the tendency for observers to overestimate the length of a vertical line relative to a horizontal line of the same length. [1] This involves a bisecting component that causes the bisecting line to appear longer than the line that is bisected. People often overestimate or underestimate the length of the ...

  4. Asymptote - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asymptote

    Asymptote. The graph of a function with a horizontal (y = 0), vertical (x = 0), and oblique asymptote (purple line, given by y = 2 x). A curve intersecting an asymptote infinitely many times. In analytic geometry, an asymptote (/ ˈæsɪmptoʊt /) of a curve is a line such that the distance between the curve and the line approaches zero as one ...

  5. Vertical thinking - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vertical_thinking

    Vertical thinking is a type of approach to problems that usually involves one being selective, analytical, and sequential. It could be said that it is the opposite of lateral thinking. [1] Unlike lateral thinking that involves using added intuition, risk taking, and imagination through unconscious and subconscious processes, vertical thinking ...

  6. Horizontal and vertical décalage - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horizontal_and_Vertical...

    According to Piaget, horizontal and vertical décalage generally occur during the concrete operations stage of development. [2] Horizontal décalage refers to fact that once a child learns a certain function, he or she does not have the capability to immediately apply the learned function to all problems. In other words, "a horizontal décalage ...

  7. Rule of thirds - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rule_of_thirds

    The tree is at the intersection of two lines, sometimes called a power point[1] or a crash point. [2] The rule of thirds is a rule of thumb for composing visual images such as designs, films, paintings, and photographs. [3] The guideline proposes that an image should be imagined as divided into nine equal parts by two equally spaced horizontal ...

  8. Ponzo illusion - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ponzo_illusion

    Both of the horizontal yellow lines are the same length. The Ponzo illusion is a geometrical-optical illusion that takes its name from the Italian psychologist Mario Ponzo (1882–1960). Ponzo never claimed to have discovered it, and it is indeed present in earlier work. Much confusion is present about this including many references to a paper ...

  9. Orthogonality - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orthogonality

    The line segments AB and CD are orthogonal to each other. In mathematics, orthogonality is the generalization of the geometric notion of perpendicularity.Whereas perpendicular is typically followed by to when relating two lines to one another (e.g., "line A is perpendicular to line B"), [1] orthogonal is commonly used without to (e.g., "orthogonal lines A and B").