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When the arm is raised, the subacromial space (gap between the anterior edge of the acromion and the head of the humerus) narrows; the supraspinatus muscle tendon passes through this space. [6] Anything that causes further narrowing has the tendency to impinge the tendon and cause an inflammatory response, resulting in impingement syndrome.
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Abduction is carried out by the deltoid and the supraspinatus in the first 90 degrees. From 90-180 degrees it is the trapezius and the serratus anterior. Adduction is carried out by the pectoralis major, latissimus dorsi, teres major and the subscapularis. Horizontal abduction and horizontal adduction of the shoulder (transverse plane)
The supraspinatus muscle performs abduction of the arm, and pulls the head of the humerus medially towards the glenoid cavity. [5] It independently prevents the head of the humerus from slipping inferiorly. [5] The supraspinatus works in cooperation with the deltoid muscle to perform abduction, including when the arm is in an adducted position. [5]
Thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) is a condition in which there is compression of the nerves, arteries, or veins in the superior thoracic aperture, the passageway from the lower neck to the armpit, also known as the thoracic outlet. [1] There are three main types: neurogenic, venous, and arterial. [1]
The impinged structures include the supraspinatus muscle, teres minor muscle, and the infraspinatus muscle. The Hawkins–Kennedy test is considered to be a highly sensitive test (79%) [ 3 ] and thus a positive Hawkins–Kennedy test suggests that injury is likely.
Suprascapular nerve entrapment syndrome, causing shoulder pain and localized muscular atrophy of the supraspinatus and infraspinatus muscles. This can potentially develop due to suprascapular nerve being entrapped and compressed within the suprascapular canal potential anatomical entrapment sites.
Supraspinatus, 12. Subscapularis, 13. Infraspinatus, 14. Teres minor), 15. Biceps muscle. The rotator cuff (SITS muscles) is a group of muscles and their tendons that act to stabilize the human shoulder and allow for its extensive range of motion. Of the seven scapulohumeral muscles, four make up the rotator cuff. The four muscles are ...
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