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The median atlanto-axial joint is sometimes considered a triple joint: [3] one between the posterior surface of the anterior arch of atlas and the front of the odontoid process; one between the anterior surface of the ligament and the back of the odontoid process; The lateral atlantoaxial joint involves the lateral mass of atlas and axis. [4]
It is frequently co-morbid with atlanto-axial joint instability, Chiari malformation, [3] or tethered spinal cord syndrome. The condition can be brought on by physical trauma , including whiplash , laxity of the ligaments surrounding the joint, or other damage to the surrounding connective tissue.
Age. The risk of most causes of joint pain increases with age. This may be due to increased wear and stress on joints over time and a higher likelihood of other underlying medical conditions ...
The cruciate ligament of the atlas (cruciform ligament) is a cross-shaped (thus the name) ligament in the neck forming part of the atlanto-axial joint. It consists of the transverse ligament of atlas, a superior longitudinal band, and an inferior longitudinal band. The cruciate ligament of the atlas prevents abnormal movement of the atlanto ...
The treatment of choice for transverse ligament cysts with progressive neurological decline is surgical resection and cervical fusion. [4] Conservative treatment with external neck immobilization is less commonly reported , but may be very useful in select cases where immediate surgical intervention is not indicated.
V. Strang, D.C., describes several hypotheses on how a misaligned vertebra may cause interference to the nervous system in his book, Essential Principles of Chiropractic: [24] Nerve compression hypothesis: suggests that when the vertebrae are out of alignment, the nerve roots and/or spinal cord can become pinched or irritated.
These medications also provide symptomatic relief to common arthritic joint symptoms including swelling, tenderness, pain, stiffness, and decreased range of motion. [7] These symptoms may persist or occur periodically and if symptoms are not managed, major complications may develop including permanent joint changes, chronic pain, and functional ...
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a type of degenerative joint disease that results from breakdown of joint cartilage and underlying bone. [5] [6] It is believed to be the fourth leading cause of disability in the world, affecting 1 in 7 adults in the United States alone. [7]