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Emperor Xiaowen of Northern Wei ((北)魏孝文帝) (October 13, 467 [2] – April 26, 499 [3]), personal name Tuoba Hong (拓拔宏), later Yuan Hong (元宏), was an emperor of China's Northern Wei dynasty, reigning from September 20, 471 to April 26, 499.
Emperor Wu of Southern Qi dies and is succeeded by Xiao Zhaoye [8] Northern Wei: Li Chong starts constructions in Luoyang [8] 494: Northern Wei: Emperor Xiaowen of Northern Wei moves to Luoyang [8] Northern Wei: Construction on the Longmen Caves begin [8] 495: Northern Wei: Emperor Xiaowen of Northern Wei bans Xianbei language in court [8] 498
He was the first emperor in Chinese history who, after retiring at age 17 in favor of his 4-year-old son Emperor Xiaowen to become Taishang Huang (retired emperor) in 471, continued to hold on to power until his death in 476—when the official history states vaguely that he may have been killed by his stepmother Empress Dowager Feng.
Northern Wei ordered Xianbei family names that were two-to-three syllables to be shortened to one-to-two syllables, converting them to Han names. Later historians, including Wei Shou, the author of the official history of Northern Wei, Book of Wei, found shortened Han-style names to be easier to write about, and therefore used post-496 family names even where pre-496 events involving Northern ...
The Jin dynasty had developed an alliance with the Tuoba against the Xiongnu state Han-Zhao.In 315, the Tuoba chief, Tuoba Yilu was granted the title of Prince of Dai.After his death, however, the Dai state stagnated, and with the Jin ejected from northern China, the Dai largely remained a partial ally and a partial tributary state to Later Zhao and Former Yan, finally falling to Former Qin in ...
Xiaowen may refer to: King Xiaowen of Qin (reigned 250 BC) Emperor Xiaowen of Northern Wei (467–499) Emperor Wen of Han (202 BC–157 BC) Jiang Xiaowen; Ye Xiaowen (born 1950), Chinese politician who held various top posts relating to state regulation of religion from 1995 to 2009; Xiaowen Zeng, Chinese author living in Toronto, Canada
April 26 – Emperor Xiaowen of Northern Wei dies of starvation [citation needed] in his capital at Luoyang, after a 27-year reign in which he has Sinicized his tribal relatives (Tuoba clan), created a Chinese-style government and instituted a land-reform program.
In 485, Tuoba Yong was created the Prince of Yingchuan. In 494, when Emperor Xiaowen moved the capital from Pingcheng (平城, in modern Datong, Shanxi), Tuoba Yong's title was changed to the Prince of Gaoyang. In 496, when Emperor Xiaowen changed the name of the imperial clan from Tuoba to Yuan, Tuoba Yong's name was changed to Yuan Yong.