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The ventral portion of the medulla oblongata contains the medullary pyramids. These two ridge-like structures travel along the length of the medulla oblongata and are bordered medially by the anterior median fissure. They each have an anterolateral sulcus along their lateral borders, where the hypoglossal nerve emerges from.
The medulla oblongata, often just referred to as the medulla, is the lower half of the brainstem continuous with the spinal cord. Its upper part is continuous with the pons. [11]: 1121 The medulla contains the cardiac, dorsal and ventral respiratory groups, and vasomotor centres, dealing with heart rate, breathing and blood pressure.
Medulla oblongata. Medullary pyramids; Arcuate nucleus; Olivary body. Inferior olivary nucleus; Rostral ventrolateral medulla; Caudal ventrolateral medulla; Solitary nucleus (Nucleus of the solitary tract) Respiratory center-Respiratory groups. Dorsal respiratory group; Ventral respiratory group or Apneustic centre. Pre-Bötzinger complex ...
Blood to the medulla is supplied by a number of arteries. [3] Anterior spinal artery: This supplies the whole medial part of the medulla oblongata. Posterior inferior cerebellar artery: This is a major branch of the vertebral artery, and supplies the posterolateral part of the medulla, where the main sensory tracts run and synapse. It also ...
[3] [2] BSR to the medial forebrain bundle (MFB) through either electrical or chemical means activates key components of the reward pathway also activated by natural rewards. When specific regions of the hypothalamus are electrically stimulated, it elicits reward-related behaviors such as eating, drinking, or copulation responses.
There is substantial individual variation, [4] with the standard reference range for men being 1,180–1,620 g (2.60–3.57 lb) [5] and for women 1,030–1,400 g (2.27–3.09 lb). [ 6 ] The cerebrum , consisting of the cerebral hemispheres , forms the largest part of the brain and overlies the other brain structures. [ 7 ]
The central nervous system (CNS) is the part of the nervous system consisting primarily of the brain and spinal cord.The CNS is so named because the brain integrates the received information and coordinates and influences the activity of all parts of the bodies of bilaterally symmetric and triploblastic animals—that is, all multicellular animals except sponges and diploblasts.
Another key region is the anterior temporal cortex (ATC) in the posterior region. In adults, the left ATC showed greater response than the same region in adolescents when tested on emotional tests of mentalising. Finally, the medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC) and the anterior dorsal MPFC (dMPFC) are activated when the mind is stimulated by ...