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Papal supremacy is the doctrine of the Catholic Church that the Pope, by reason of his office as Vicar of Christ, the visible source and foundation of the unity both of the bishops and of the whole company of the faithful, and as pastor of the entire Catholic Church, has full, supreme, and universal power over the whole church, a power which he can always exercise unhindered: [1] that, in ...
In 1860 Henry Edward Manning, who later became Roman Catholic Archbishop of Westminster and a Cardinal, wrote, "That vast chimera at which the English people especially stand in awe, the deposing power of the Pope, what was it but that supreme arbitration whereby the highest power in the world, the Vicar of the Incarnate Son of God, anointed to ...
The doctrine of infallibility relies on one of the cornerstones of Catholic dogma, that of papal supremacy, whereby the authority of the pope is the ruling agent as to what are accepted as formal beliefs in the Catholic Church. [4]
The Catholic Church currently considers these the successors of Peter, whom they consider the first pope, and through whom following popes would claim authority. [ 12 ] The evolution of earlier tradition established both Peter and Paul as the forefathers of the bishops of Rome, from whom they received their position as chief shepherd (Peter ...
The Catholic church states that Rome's supremacy rests on the pope being given power handed down from the first pope – Peter. [132] However there is evidence that Peter was not the first bishop, and that the church in Rome was founded (or organized) [133] by Peter and Paul together. [134]
While most of the principles of the Dictatus Papae detail the powers of the papacy and infallibility of the Roman church, principle 9 dictates that "All princes shall kiss the feet of the Pope alone," and principle 10 states that "His [the pope's] name alone shall be spoken in the churches."
Napoleon Bonaparte abolished the pope's temporal power in 1809, incorporating Rome and Latium into his First French Empire. Pope Pius VII himself was even taken prisoner by Napoleon. However, the pope's temporal power was restored by the Great powers at the conclusion of the Napoleonic Wars in the 1815 Congress of Vienna.
1) The Pope is not head of the Christian Church and superior to all other bishops by divine right (de iure divino). 2) The Pope and bishops do not hold civil authority by divine right. 3) The claim of the Bull Unam sanctam (1302) that obedience to the Pope is necessary for salvation is invalid since it contradicts the doctrine of justification ...