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Twin studies provide a unique opportunity to explore the genetic and environmental influences on autism spectrum disorder (ASD). By studying identical twins, who share identical DNA, and fraternal twins, who share about half of their DNA, researchers can estimate the heritability of autism by comparing the rates of when one twin is diagnosed with autism while the other is not in identical vs ...
The severity of symptoms and functional impairment vary between individuals. [3] There are many known environmental, genetic, and biological causes of autism. Research indicates that genetic factors predominantly contribute to its appearance. The heritability of autism is complex and many of the genetic interactions involved are unknown. [1]
A few genetic polymorphisms such as folate hydrolase 1 and hydroxymethyltransferase 1 along with hyperhomocysteinemia were used as risk factors to develop an artificial neural network (ANN). Studies showed that this model was around 63.8% accurate in predicting ASD risk, implying a moderate association between genetic polymorphisms of the ...
About 10–15% of autism cases have an identifiable Mendelian (single-gene) condition, chromosome abnormality, or other genetic syndrome, [6] a category referred to as syndromic autism. Approximately 8 in 10 people with autism suffer from a mental health problem in their lifetime, in comparison to 1 in 4 of the general population that suffers ...
Approximately 8 in 10 people with autism have a mental health problem in their lifetime, in comparison to 1 in 4 of the general population. [132] [133] [134] A 2019 meta-analysis found autistic people to be four times more likely to have depression than non-autistic people, with approximately 40% of autistic adults having depression. [135]
Social media also plays a role, with many people on these platforms encouraging others to pursue an autism diagnosis or even self-diagnose. "I think this has driven more people to seek a possible ...
Since heritability is less than 100% and symptoms vary markedly among identical twins with autism, environmental factors are most likely a significant cause as well. If some of the risk is due to gene-environment interaction the 90% heritability may be too high; [ 4 ] However, in 2017, the largest study, including over three million ...
Autistic individuals tend to use different brain areas (yellow) for a movement task compared to a control group (blue). [30] The underconnectivity theory of autism posits that autistic people tend to have fewer high-level neural connections and less global synchronization, along with an excess of low-level processes. [31]