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  2. Kernel (linear algebra) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kernel_(linear_algebra)

    The left null space, or cokernel, of a matrix A consists of all column vectors x such that x T A = 0 T, where T denotes the transpose of a matrix. The left null space of A is the same as the kernel of A T. The left null space of A is the orthogonal complement to the column space of A, and is dual to the cokernel of the

  3. Row and column spaces - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Row_and_column_spaces

    The left null space of A is the set of all vectors x such that x T A = 0 T. It is the same as the null space of the transpose of A. The product of the matrix A T and the vector x can be written in terms of the dot product of vectors:

  4. Transpose of a linear map - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transpose_of_a_linear_map

    The assignment produces an injective linear map between the space of linear operators from to and the space of linear operators from # to #. If X = Y {\displaystyle X=Y} then the space of linear maps is an algebra under composition of maps , and the assignment is then an antihomomorphism of algebras, meaning that t ( u v ) = t v t u ...

  5. Kernel (algebra) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kernel_(algebra)

    The kernel of a matrix, also called the null space, is the kernel of the linear map defined by the matrix. The kernel of a homomorphism is reduced to 0 (or 1) if and only if the homomorphism is injective, that is if the inverse image of every element consists of a single element. This means that the kernel can be viewed as a measure of the ...

  6. Null space (matrix) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/?title=Null_space_(matrix...

    Null space (matrix) Add languages. Add links. Article; ... Print/export Download as PDF; Printable version; In other projects

  7. Closed range theorem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Closed_range_theorem

    Since the graph of T is closed, the proof reduces to the case when : is a bounded operator between Banach spaces. Now, factors as / ⁡ ⁡.Dually, ′ is ′ (⁡) ′ ′ (/ ⁡) ′ ′.

  8. Rank–nullity theorem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rank–nullity_theorem

    The second proof [6] looks at the homogeneous system =, where is a with rank, and shows explicitly that there exists a set of linearly independent solutions that span the null space of . While the theorem requires that the domain of the linear map be finite-dimensional, there is no such assumption on the codomain.

  9. Moore–Penrose inverse - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moore–Penrose_inverse

    The vector space of ⁠ ⁠ matrices over ⁠ ⁠ is denoted by ⁠ ⁠. For ⁠ A ∈ K m × n {\displaystyle A\in \mathbb {K} ^{m\times n}} ⁠ , the transpose is denoted ⁠ A T {\displaystyle A^{\mathsf {T}}} ⁠ and the Hermitian transpose (also called conjugate transpose ) is denoted ⁠ A ∗ {\displaystyle A^{*}} ⁠ .