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Many people still use Asperger's as a term when referring to "high-functioning" individuals with autism, but it is not an official diagnosis. Childhood disintegrative disorder (CDD) – a condition in which a child experiences developmental regression. Classic autism - (or Kanner's syndrome) the first described form of autism written about in 1943
Metabolic and neuroimaging tests are also not routinely performed for diagnosis of ASD. [12] The age at which ASD is diagnosed varies. Sometimes ASD can be diagnosed as early as 18 months, however, diagnosis of ASD before the age of two years may not be reliable. [4] Diagnosis becomes increasingly stable over the first three years of life.
Research-determined cut-offs identify the potential diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder, allowing a standardized assessment of autistic symptoms. The Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised (ADI-R), a companion instrument, is a structured interview conducted with the parents of the referred individual to cover the subject's full developmental ...
In order to create the algorithm for diagnosis, the writers chose questions from the interview that were most closely related to the criteria for diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorder in the DSM-IV and the ICD-10. [3] An autism diagnosis is indicated when scores in all three behavioral areas meet or exceed the specified minimum cutoff scores. [5]
The term "high-functioning autism" was used in a manner similar to Asperger syndrome, another outdated classification. The defining characteristic recognized by psychologists was a significant delay in the development of early speech and language skills, before the age of three years. [ 12 ]
Autism spectrum disorder [a] (ASD), or simply autism, is a neurodevelopmental disorder "characterized by persistent deficits in social communication and social interaction across multiple contexts" and "restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior, interests, or activities". [11] Sensory abnormalities are also included in the diagnostic manuals ...
The ICD-10 equivalents also became part of its definition of autism spectrum disorder, as of the ICD-11. PDD-NOS included atypical autism, a diagnosis defined in the ICD-10 for the case that the criteria for autistic disorder were not met because of late age of onset, or atypical symptomatology, or both of these. [5]
The Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS) is a behavior rating scale intended to help diagnose autism. CARS was developed by Eric Schopler , Robert J. Reichler , and Barbara Rochen Renner . The scale was designed to help differentiate children with autism from those with other developmental delays, such as intellectual disability .