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The conversion of Mercia to Christianity occurred in the latter part of the 7th century, and was carried out almost entirely by Northumbrian and Irish monks of the Celtic Rite. Penda remained pagan to the end, but by the time of his defeat and death, Mercia was largely surrounded by Christian states.
The saltire is used as both a flag and a coat of arms. As a flag, it is flown from Tamworth Castle, the ancient seat of the Mercian Kings, to this day. [46] Giant Mercia flag on Tamworth castle created by community groups in 2024. The flag also appears on street signs welcoming people to Tamworth, the "ancient capital of
Flag of Worcestershire; Flag of the Black Country; Flag of the City of London; Flag of the Isle of Wight; Flag of the United Kingdom; Flags and symbols of Yorkshire; Historical and alternative regions of England; List of English flags; List of United Kingdom flags; List of active separatist movements in Europe; Mercia; Midlands; Patron saints ...
The black-white-red motif is based on the colours of the flags of the German Empire. This colour scheme was commonly associated with anti-Weimar German nationalists, following the fall of the German Empire. [2] The Nazis denounced the black-red-gold flag of the Weimar Republic (the current flag of Germany). [2]
Erziehungshäftlinge (reformatory inmates) wore E or EH in large black letters on a white square. They were made up of intellectuals and respected community members who could organize and lead a resistance movement, suspicious persons picked up in sweeps or stopped at checkpoints, people caught performing conspiratorial activities or acts and ...
[24] [25] The government began to close all Catholic institutions which were not strictly religious; Catholic schools were shut by 1939, and the Catholic press by 1941. [26] [27] Clergy, religious women and men, and lay leaders were targeted; thousands were arrested, often on trumped-up charges of currency smuggling or "immorality". [28]
The flag of Nazi Germany, officially called the Reich and National Flag (German: Reichs- und Nationalflagge [1]), featured a red background with a black swastika on a white disk. This flag came into use initially as the banner of the National Socialist German Workers' Party (NSDAP), commonly known as the Nazi Party , after its foundation in ...
US Holocaust Memorial Museum summary "Jehovah's Witnesses in Germany" University of Minnesota's Center for Holocaust and Genocide Studies "Jehovah's Witnesses in National Socialist concentration camps, 1933–45 , by Johannes S. Wrobel, Religion, State and Society vol. 34, no. 2 (June 2006), 89–125