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2. Molar concentration - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molar_concentration

   Molar concentration or molarity is most commonly expressed in units of moles of solute per litre of solution. [1] For use in broader applications, it is defined as amount of substance of solute per unit volume of solution, or per unit volume available to the species, represented by lowercase c {\displaystyle c} : [ 2 ]

3. Hydrochloric acid - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrochloric_acid

   Hydrochloric acid as the binary (two-component) mixture of HCl and H 2 O has a constant-boiling azeotrope at 20.2% HCl and 108.6 °C (381.8 K; 227.5 °F). There are four constant- crystallization eutectic points for hydrochloric acid, between the crystal form of [H 3 O]Cl (68% HCl), [H 5 O 2 ]Cl (51% HCl), [H 7 O 3 ]Cl (41% HCl), [H 3 O]Cl·5H ...

4. Equivalent concentration - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equivalent_concentration

   For example, sulfuric acid (H 2 SO 4) is a diprotic acid. Since only 0.5 mol of H 2 SO 4 are needed to neutralize 1 mol of OH −, the equivalence factor is: f eq (H 2 SO 4) = 0.5. If the concentration of a sulfuric acid solution is c(H 2 SO 4) = 1 mol/L, then its normality is 2 N. It can also be called a "2 normal" solution.

5. Dilution (equation) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dilution_(equation)

   For example, if there are 10 grams of salt (the solute) dissolved in 1 litre of water (the solvent), this solution has a certain salt concentration . If one adds 1 litre of water to this solution, the salt concentration is reduced. The diluted solution still contains 10 grams of salt (0.171 moles of NaCl).

6. Molality - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molality

   The term molality is formed in analogy to molarity which is the molar concentration of a solution. The earliest known use of the intensive property molality and of its adjectival unit, the now-deprecated molal, appears to have been published by G. N. Lewis and M. Randall in the 1923 publication of Thermodynamics and the Free Energies of Chemical Substances. [3]

7. Mole fraction - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mole_fraction

   When expressed in percent, it is known as the mole percent or molar percentage (unit symbol %, sometimes "mol%", equivalent to cmol/mol for 10 −2). The mole fraction is called amount fraction by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) [ 1 ] and amount-of-substance fraction by the U.S. National Institute of Standards and ...