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argon-ion lasers at 458 and 488 nm [5] Lasers emitting wavelengths below 445 nm appear violet, but are nonetheless also called blue lasers. Violet light's 405 nm short wavelength, on the visible spectrum, causes fluorescence in some chemicals, like radiation in the ultraviolet ("black light") spectrum (wavelengths less than 400 nm).
416 nm, 530.9 nm, 568.2 nm, 647.1 nm, 676.4 nm, 752.5 nm, 799.3 nm Electrical discharge Scientific research, mixed with argon to create "white-light" lasers, light shows. Xenon ion laser: Many lines throughout visible spectrum extending into the UV and IR: Electrical discharge Scientific research. Nitrogen laser: 337.1 nm Electrical discharge
Thickness of the Ge 40 Se 60 /Si film on the silicon substrate as 34.5 nm, Thickness of the Ge 40 Se 60 /Si film on the oxidized silicon substrate as 33.6 nm, Thickness of SiO 2 (with n and k spectra of SiO 2 held fixed), and; n and k spectra, in 190–1000 nm range, of Ge 40 Se 60 /Si.
CNT resins enhance fiber composites, including wind turbine blades and hulls for maritime security boats that are made by enhancing carbon fiber composites with CNT-enhanced resin. CNTs are deployed as additives in the organic precursors of stronger 1 μm-diameter carbon fibers. CNTs influence the arrangement of carbon in pyrolyzed fiber. [2]
Electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength between 380 nm and 760 nm (400–790 terahertz) is detected by the human eye and perceived as visible light. Other wavelengths, especially near infrared (longer than 760 nm) and ultraviolet (shorter than 380 nm) are also sometimes referred to as light, especially when the visibility to humans is not ...
A single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) can be envisioned as strip of a graphene molecule (a single sheet of graphite) rolled and joined into a seamless cylinder.The structure of the nanotube can be characterized by the width of this hypothetical strip (that is, the circumference c or diameter d of the tube) and the angle α of the strip relative to the main symmetry axes of the hexagonal ...
As carbon is readily available at low cost, CNFs are popular additives to composite materials. [4] CNFs are very small, existing at the nanometer scale. An atom is between .1-.5 nm, thus specialized microscopic techniques such as Scanning Tunneling Microscopy and Atomic Force Microscopy are required to examine the properties of CNFs. [citation ...
A nanoparticle or ultrafine particle is a particle of matter 1 to 100 nanometres (nm) in diameter. [1] [2] The term is sometimes used for larger particles, up to 500 nm, or fibers and tubes that are less than 100 nm in only two directions. [2]: 394 At the lowest range, metal particles smaller than 1 nm are usually called atom clusters instead.