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Japanese pronouns (代名詞, daimeishi) are words in the Japanese language used to address or refer to present people or things, where present means people or things that can be pointed at. The position of things (far away, nearby) and their role in the current interaction (goods, addresser, addressee , bystander) are features of the meaning ...
Conversely, pronouns are closed classes in Western languages but open classes in Japanese and some other East Asian languages. In a few cases historically, and much more commonly recently, new verbs are created by appending the suffix-ru (〜る) to a noun or using it to replace the end of a word.
The Japanese language makes use of a system of honorific speech, called keishō (敬称), which includes honorific suffixes and prefixes when talking to, or referring to others in a conversation. Suffixes are often gender-specific at the end of names, while prefixes are attached to the beginning of many nouns.
Japanese exhibits pronoun avoidance, meaning that using pronouns is often too direct in Japanese, and considered offensive or strange. [6] One would not use pronouns for oneself, 私 ( watashi , 'I') , or for another, あなた ( anata , 'you') , but instead would omit pronouns for oneself, and call the other person by name:
7. Yamamoto. This means "one who lives at the foot of the mountains." 8. Nakamura. Means "person from middle village." 9. Kobayashi. Means "small forest."
Japanese uses honorific constructions to show or emphasize social rank, social intimacy or similarity in rank. The choice of pronoun used, for example, will express the social relationship between the person speaking and the person being referred to, and Japanese often avoids pronouns entirely in favor of more explicit titles or kinship terms.
All pronouns indicate identity and can be used to include or exclude people they describe — neopronouns included, said Dennis Baron, one of the foremost experts on neopronouns and their ...
Conversation and Grammar sections start with a Dialogue starring Genki's cast of characters navigating their lives as college students. These dialogues are followed by a vocabulary list and short grammar lessons featuring words and sentence structures from the Dialogue. These sections usually conclude with extra notes on Japanese grammar and ...