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  2. France and weapons of mass destruction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/France_and_weapons_of_mass...

    According to Lieutenant Colonel Warner D. Farr in a report to the USAF Counterproliferation Center while France was previously a leader in nuclear research "Israel and France were at a similar level of expertise after the war, and Israeli scientists could make significant contributions to the French effort. Progress in nuclear science and ...

  3. List of nuclear weapons tests of France - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_nuclear_weapons...

    Total country yield is 2.5% of all nuclear testing. ^ Includes all tests with potential for nuclear fission or fusion explosion, including combat use, singleton tests, salvo tests, zero yield fails, safety experiments, and bombs incapacitated by accidents but still intended to be fired.

  4. History of France's military nuclear program - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_France's...

    In the 1970s, Pierre Mendès France denied his role in the launch of the nuclear atomic program: it was only a step towards the atomic bomb and, had he continued in his role as President of the council, he would have been free to decide in the following years for or against the actual production of the atomic bomb. [51]

  5. Gerboise Bleue (nuclear test) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerboise_Bleue_(nuclear_test)

    Gerboise Bleue (French: [ʒɛʁbwaz blø]; lit. ' Blue Jerboa ') was the codename of the first French nuclear test.It was conducted by the Nuclear Experiments Operational Group (GOEN), a unit of the Joint Special Weapons Command [1] on 13 February 1960, at the Saharan Military Experiments Centre near Reggane, French Algeria in the Sahara desert region of the Tanezrouft, during the Algerian War.

  6. List of states with nuclear weapons - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_states_with...

    France acceded to the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty in 1992. [58] In January 2006, President Jacques Chirac stated a terrorist act or the use of weapons of mass destruction against France would result in a nuclear counterattack. [59] In February 2015, President François Hollande stressed the need for a nuclear deterrent in "a dangerous ...

  7. Force de dissuasion - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Force_de_dissuasion

    The decision to arm France with nuclear weapons was made in 1954 by the administration of Pierre Mendès France under the Fourth Republic. [3] President Charles de Gaulle, upon his return to power in 1958, solidified the initial vision into the well-defined concept of a fully independent Force de frappe that would be capable of protecting France from a Soviet or other foreign attack and ...

  8. France's nuclear weapons should be part of European ... - AOL

    www.aol.com/news/frances-nuclear-weapons-part...

    By Mathieu Rosemain. PARIS (Reuters) - France's nuclear weapons should be part of the European defence debate, French President Emmanuel Macron told a group of regional newspapers on Sunday, in ...

  9. AN-11 bomb - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AN-11_bomb

    The AN-11 was France's first nuclear weapon, developed to arm the Force de frappe. The AN-11's development began in the late 1950s. An early version was used in France's first nuclear test, Gerboise Bleue, on 13 February 1960. The first AN-11 prototype was tested 1 May 1962, and it entered service in 1964.