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Empathy is generally described as the ability to take on another person's perspective, to understand, feel, and possibly share and respond to their experience. [1] [2] [3] There are more (sometimes conflicting) definitions of empathy that include but are not limited to social, cognitive, and emotional processes primarily concerned with understanding others.
A more recent summary is available in a single-author book titled Everyday Mind Reading: Understanding What Other People Think and Feel (2009). [25] A discussion of the mirror system as it pertains to empathy and empathic accuracy is found in Marco Iacoboni's Mirroring People: The Science of Empathy and How We Connect with Others (2009). [26]
The simulation theory of empathy holds that humans anticipate and make sense of the behavior of others by activating mental processes that, if they culminated in action, would produce similar behavior. This includes intentional behavior as well as the expression of emotions.
Accurate empathy on the part of the therapist helps the client believe the therapist's unconditional regard for them. Client perception : The client perceives, to at least a minimal degree, the therapist's unconditional positive regard and empathic understanding.
Active listening includes further understanding and closeness between the listener and speaker. The more basic ways this is done are through paraphrasing, reflective emotion, and open-ended questions. Paraphrasing involves putting the speaker's message in one's words to demonstrate one's understanding and continue the discussion.
The term empath is sometimes used in a broader sense to describe someone who is more adept at understanding, i.e. is more sensitive to the feelings of others than the average person; or as a descriptor for someone who is higher on an empathetic "spectrum" of sorts. [5]
Pain empathy is a specific variety of empathy that involves recognizing and understanding another person's pain.. Empathy is the mental ability that allows one person to understand another person's mental and emotional state and how to effectively respond to that person.
Digital empathy is the application of the core principles of empathy – compassion, cognition, and emotion – into technical designs to enhance user experience. According to Friesem (2016), digital empathy is the cognitive and emotional ability to be reflective and socially responsible while strategically using digital media.