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In magnetohydrodynamics (MHD), shocks and discontinuities are transition layers where properties of a plasma change from one equilibrium state to another. The relation between the plasma properties on both sides of a shock or a discontinuity can be obtained from the conservative form of the MHD equations, assuming conservation of mass, momentum, energy and of .
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Finally only in this case the superposition principle fully apply, i.e. the wave function in a point P can be expanded as a superposition of waves on a border surface enclosing P. Wave functions can be interpreted in the usual quantum mechanical sense as probability densities where the formalism of Green's functions and propagators apply. What ...
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The R wave and the L wave are right-hand and left-hand circularly polarized, respectively. The R wave has a cut-off at ω R (hence the designation of this frequency) and a resonance at ω c. The L wave has a cut-off at ω L and no resonance. R waves at frequencies below ω c /2 are also known as whistler modes. [6]